Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 17
Then, in the early morning, before it was light, the Inkum boys went to the pit, and having taken out the body, covered the blood stains with sand and carried the body back to the town.
Who acts: rock, Inkum boys, blood · What happens: be, go, take out, cover, stain, carry back · To what, where: pit, body, town
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rock, Inkum boys, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 went | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Then | punct |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 morning | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 morning | det |
| 5 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 morning | amod |
| 6 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 went | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 light | punct |
| 8 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 11 light | mark |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 light | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 light | cop |
| 11 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 morning | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 morning | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 boys | det |
| 14 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 boys | compound |
| 15 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 went | nsubj |
| 16 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 pit | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 pit | det |
| 19 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 went | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 taken | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 taken | cc |
| 22 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 taken | aux |
| 23 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 went | conj |
| 24 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 taken | compound:prt |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 body | det |
| 26 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 taken | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 covered | punct |
| 28 | covered | cover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 went | conj |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 blood | det |
| 30 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 stains | nsubj |
| 31 | stains | stain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 covered | ccomp |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 sand | case |
| 33 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 stains | obl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 carried | cc |
| 35 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 went | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 body | det |
| 37 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 carried | obj |
| 38 | back | back | ADV | _ | 35 carried | advmod |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 town | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 town | det |
| 41 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 carried | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | rock | light property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go | past | the Inkum boys | the pit | then; morning | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to pit=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | take out | gerund · perfect | the Inkum boys not said here | the body | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme | ||||
| 4 | cover | past | the Inkum boys not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | stain | present | the blood | with sand | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with sand=Theme | ||||
| 6 | carry back | past | the Inkum boys not said here | the body | the town | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent body=Theme to town=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/17/