Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 34
At the meeting, one of the boys who had been a member of the Eberambi society got up and said that five of their members were missing, and he believed that it was the Inkum people who had killed them, and that they had stolen the children as well.
Who acts: one member, five, meeting · What happens: be, get up, say, believe, kill, steal · To what, where: one member, meeting, palaver, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one member, five, meeting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 meeting | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 meeting | det |
| 3 | meeting | meeting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 got | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 one | punct |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 member | nummod |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 boys | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 boys | det |
| 8 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 member | obl |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 member | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 member | aux |
| 11 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 member | cop |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 member | det |
| 13 | member | member | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 got | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 society | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 society | det |
| 16 | Eberambi | Eberambi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 society | compound |
| 17 | society | society | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 member | nmod |
| 18 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | up | up | ADV | _ | 18 got | advmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 said | cc |
| 21 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 got | conj |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 missing | mark |
| 23 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 missing | nsubj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 members | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 members | nmod:poss |
| 26 | members | member | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 five | nmod |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 missing | cop |
| 28 | missing | missing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 said | ccomp |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 believed | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 believed | cc |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 believed | nsubj |
| 32 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 got | conj |
| 33 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 killed | mark |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 killed | aux:pass |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 people | det |
| 37 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 people | compound |
| 38 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 40 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 killed | aux |
| 41 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 believed | ccomp |
| 42 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 killed | obj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 stolen | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 stolen | cc |
| 45 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 48 stolen | mark |
| 46 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 stolen | nsubj:pass |
| 47 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 stolen | aux |
| 48 | stolen | steal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 got | conj |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 children | det |
| 50 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 stolen | obj |
| 51 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=ADV | 48 stolen | advmod |
| 52 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 51 as | fixed |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 got | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past · perfect | a one member | of the boys; of the Eberambi society; who nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | get up | past | a one member | the meeting | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | a one member not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | past | five of members's members | missing property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | believe | past | meeting | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | kill | past · perfect · passive | palaver | the Inkum people nsubj:pass; who nsubj:pass; people obj | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer they=Result | ||||
| 7 | steal | past · perfect · passive | people | the children obj | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary child=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/34/