Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 69
The head of the man who was first sacrificed before the war commenced was not eaten, but was left on the ground in front of the ju-ju as his share.
Who acts: Chief · What happens: sacrifice, commence, not eat, leave, share · To what, where: man, head, ground
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 head | det |
| 2 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 eaten | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 man | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 man | det |
| 5 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 head | nmod |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 sacrificed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 sacrificed | aux:pass |
| 8 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 9 sacrificed | advmod |
| 9 | sacrificed | sacrifice | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 man | acl:relcl |
| 10 | before | before | ADP | _ | 12 war | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 war | det |
| 12 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sacrificed | obl |
| 13 | commenced | commence | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 head | conj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 eaten | aux:pass |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 eaten | advmod |
| 16 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 left | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 left | cc |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 left | aux:pass |
| 20 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 eaten | conj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 ground | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 ground | det |
| 23 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 left | obl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 front | case |
| 25 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 left | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 ju | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 ju | det |
| 28 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 ju | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 ju | punct |
| 30 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 front | nmod |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 share | case |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 share | nmod:poss |
| 33 | share | share | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 left | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 eaten | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sacrifice | past · passive | the man | before the war | first property | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | commence | past | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 3 | not eat | past · passive | the head of the man | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 4 | leave | past · passive | the ground | in front of the ju ju result; as Chief's share | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: in front=Result | ||||
| 5 | share | Chief | nom share «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/69/