Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 72
He also said that the Inkum people had gone to fight like women; they had not consulted him (by which he lost a handsome present) neither had they killed a slave as a sacrifice to their ju-ju.
Who acts: Chief, Inkum people, people · What happens: say, go, fight, not consult, lose, have · To what, where: people, handsome present, slave · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, Inkum people, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 2 | also | also | ADV | _ | 3 said | advmod |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 gone | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 people | det |
| 6 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 people | compound |
| 7 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 gone | nsubj |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 gone | aux |
| 9 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 said | ccomp |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 fight | mark |
| 11 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 gone | advcl |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 13 women | case |
| 13 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 fight | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 consulted | punct |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 consulted | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 consulted | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 consulted | advmod |
| 18 | consulted | consult | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 said | conj |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 consulted | obj |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 24 lost | punct |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 which | case |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 lost | obl |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 lost | nsubj |
| 24 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 consulted | parataxis |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 present | det |
| 26 | handsome | handsome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 present | amod |
| 27 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 lost | obj |
| 28 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 lost | punct |
| 29 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 30 had | cc:preconj |
| 30 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 killed | advcl |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 killed | nsubj |
| 32 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | parataxis |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 slave | det |
| 34 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 killed | obj |
| 35 | as | as | ADP | _ | 37 sacrifice | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 sacrifice | det |
| 37 | sacrifice | sacrifice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 killed | obl |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 ju | case |
| 39 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 ju | nmod:poss |
| 40 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 ju | compound |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 ju | punct |
| 42 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 killed | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Chief | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | go | past · perfect | the Inkum people | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | fight | to-infinitive | the Inkum people not said here | like women | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | not consult | past · perfect · passive | people | Chief obj | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP.attribute»: subject=Theme he=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | lose | past | Chief | a handsome present | which obl | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent present=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | have | past | people not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | kill | past | people | a slave | as a sacrifice; to people's ju ju | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent slave=Duration as sacrifice=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/72/