Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 34
The young chief, as soon as he saw her, said: “This is the girl I meant.”
Who acts: mat, young chief, This · What happens: see, say, be, mean · To what, where: girl · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mat, young chief, This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chief | det |
| 2 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 chief | amod |
| 3 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 said | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 soon | punct |
| 5 | as | as | ADV | _ | 6 soon | advmod |
| 6 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 chief | advmod |
| 7 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 9 saw | mark |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 saw | nsubj |
| 9 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 soon | advcl |
| 10 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 saw | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 chief | punct |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 girl | punct |
| 15 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 girl | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 girl | cop |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 girl | det |
| 18 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 said | ccomp |
| 19 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 meant | nsubj |
| 20 | meant | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 girl | acl:relcl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 girl | punct |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 girl | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | mat | girl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the young chief | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | This | the girl | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | mean in a quote | past | the young chief = chief | the girl not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent girl=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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