Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 207
In many parts of the country iron ore of excellent quality is abundant, and this they smelt (or rather did so until recently) in a simple manner.
Who acts: this · What happens: be, smelt, do · To what, where: many parts, simple manner
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 parts | case |
| 2 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 parts | amod |
| 3 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 abundant | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 ore | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ore | det |
| 6 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 iron | compound |
| 7 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ore | compound |
| 8 | ore | ore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 parts | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 quality | case |
| 10 | excellent | excellent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 quality | amod |
| 11 | quality | quality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ore | nmod |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 abundant | cop |
| 13 | abundant | abundant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 smelt | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 smelt | cc |
| 16 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 smelt | nsubj |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 smelt | nsubj |
| 18 | smelt | smelt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 abundant | conj |
| 19 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 did | punct |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 22 did | cc |
| 21 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 22 did | advmod |
| 22 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 smelt | ccomp |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 did | advmod |
| 24 | until | until | ADP | _ | 25 recently | case |
| 25 | recently | recently | ADV | _ | 22 did | obl |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 did | punct |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 manner | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 manner | det |
| 29 | simple | simple | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 manner | amod |
| 30 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 did | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 abundant | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | many parts of the iron ore of excellent quality | abundant property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | smelt | present | this | qualities = quality nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | do | past | this not said here | a simple manner | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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