Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 209
The bellows by which air was introduced were made of skins, the mouthpiece being the horn of a large antelope.
Who acts: mouthpiece · What happens: introduce, make, be · To what, where: air, bellows, horn
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mouthpiece), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 bellows | det |
| 2 | bellows | bellow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 4 which | case |
| 4 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 5 air | det |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 introduced | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 introduced | aux:pass |
| 7 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 bellows | acl:relcl |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 made | aux:pass |
| 9 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 skins | case |
| 11 | skins | skin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 made | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 horn | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 mouthpiece | det |
| 14 | mouthpiece | mouthpiece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 horn | nsubj |
| 15 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 horn | cop |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 horn | det |
| 17 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 skins | appos |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 antelope | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 antelope | det |
| 20 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 antelope | amod |
| 21 | antelope | antelope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 horn | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | introduce | past · passive | which air | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | make | past · passive | the bellows | of skins | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 3 | is a | gerund | the mouthpiece | the horn | of a large antelope | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/209/