Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 3
She said: “You must bring me a fat calf that I may get its tallow to use with my medicine” (or charms—the Kaffir word is Imifizi).
Who acts: Igqirakazi, You, fat calf, tallow, Kaffir word, my · What happens: say, bring, get, use, be, medicine · To what, where: Igqirakazi, tallow, Imifizi · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Igqirakazi, You, fat calf, tallow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 bring | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 bring | punct |
| 5 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 bring | nsubj |
| 6 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 bring | aux |
| 7 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | ccomp |
| 8 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 bring | obj |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 calf | det |
| 10 | fat | fat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 calf | amod |
| 11 | calf | calf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bring | obj |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 get | nsubj |
| 13 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 get | nsubj |
| 14 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 get | aux |
| 15 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 calf | acl:relcl |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 tallow | nmod:poss |
| 17 | tallow | tallow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 get | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 use | mark |
| 19 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 get | xcomp |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 medicine | case |
| 21 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 medicine | nmod:poss |
| 22 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 use | obl |
| 23 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 bring | punct |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 charms | punct |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 charms | cc |
| 26 | charms | charm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 bring | obj |
| 27 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 Imifizi | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 word | det |
| 29 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 word | compound |
| 30 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Imifizi | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 Imifizi | cop |
| 32 | Imifizi | Imifizi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 charms | nmod |
| 33 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 charms | punct |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Igqirakazi | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | bring in a quote | must | You | Igqirakazi | a fat calf obj; charms obj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | get in a quote | may | a fat calf | calf's tallow | I nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | use in a quote | to-infinitive | calf's tallow not said here | with my medicine | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | the Kaffir word | Imifizi | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | medicine in a quote | my | nom medicine «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/8/3/