The Green Fairy Book, The Biter Bit, part 1, sentence 41

‘Oh, my poor friend,’ cried the rascal, ‘don’t you see that is a donkey and not a mule? you have been taken in by some wretched cheats.’

Who acts: poor friend, you, that, wretched cheats · What happens: cry, not do, see, be, take in · To what, where: rascal, donkey, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Biter Bit, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor friend, you, that, wretched cheats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	‘	'	PUNCT	_	6 friend	punct
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	_	6 friend	discourse
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Oh	punct
4	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 friend	nmod:poss
5	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 friend	amod
6	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cried	nsubj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 friend	punct
8	’	'	PUNCT	_	6 friend	punct
9	cried	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 rascal	det
11	rascal	rascal	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cried	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 do	punct
13	‘	'	PUNCT	_	14 do	punct
14	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 cried	conj
15	n’t	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 do	advmod
16	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 see	nsubj
17	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 do	parataxis
18	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	21 donkey	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 donkey	cop
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 donkey	det
21	donkey	donkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 see	ccomp
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 mule	cc
23	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 mule	advmod
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 mule	det
25	mule	mule	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 donkey	conj
26	?	?	PUNCT	_	14 do	punct
27	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	30 taken	nsubj
28	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 taken	aux
29	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	30 taken	aux:pass
30	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 do	parataxis
31	in	in	ADP	_	30 taken	compound:prt
32	by	by	ADP	_	35 cheats	case
33	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	35 cheats	det
34	wretched	wretched	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 cheats	amod
35	cheats	cheat	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 taken	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 cried	punct
37	’	'	PUNCT	_	9 cried	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	cry speech: express	past	my poor friend	the rascal	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rascal=Topic
2	not do	infinitive	my poor friend not said here		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	see	present	you		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	is a	present	that	a donkey and a mule	tree rules
5	take in	present · perfect · passive	some wretched cheats	you	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument subject=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7277/26/41/