Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 8

Their long trails or paths over mountains, through thick forests, across treeless plains, with no compass but the North Star, have made them watchful of every earthly means of finding their way.

Who acts: watchful · What happens: make, mean, find · To what, where: long trails, way

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (watchful), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 trails	nmod:poss
2	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 trails	amod
3	trails	trail	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 made	nsubj:pass
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 paths	cc
5	paths	path	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 trails	conj
6	over	over	ADP	_	7 mountains	case
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 paths	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 forests	punct
9	through	through	ADP	_	11 forests	case
10	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 forests	amod
11	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 trails	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 plains	punct
13	across	across	ADP	_	15 plains	case
14	treeless	treeless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 plains	amod
15	plains	plain	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 forests	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 compass	punct
17	with	with	ADP	_	19 compass	case
18	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	19 compass	det
19	compass	compass	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 plains	nmod
20	but	but	CCONJ	_	23 Star	cc
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 Star	det
22	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Star	compound
23	Star	Star	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 compass	conj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 trails	punct
25	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 made	aux
26	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
27	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 made	obj
28	watchful	watchful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 means	nsubj
29	of	of	SCONJ	_	31 earthly	mark
30	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	31 earthly	det
31	earthly	earthly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 means	nsubj
32	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 made	parataxis
33	of	of	SCONJ	_	34 finding	mark
34	finding	find	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	32 means	advcl
35	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	36 way	nmod:poss
36	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 finding	obj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	26 made	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present · perfect · passive		boys's long trails or paths over mountains and thick forests and treeless plains with no compass but the North Star	boys = boy obj	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary they=Product
2	mean	present	watchful			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	find	gerund	watchful not said here	boys's way		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/10/8/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 8

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 8