Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian At Home, sentence 35
Whenever a stranger makes his appearance, his coming is announced by furious barks and howls of these hungry sentinels.
Who acts: stranger, coming, hungry sentinels · What happens: make, come, announce, howl · To what, where: appearance · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stranger, coming, hungry sentinels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Whenever | whenever | SCONJ | _ | 4 makes | mark |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 stranger | det |
| 3 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 makes | nsubj |
| 4 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 appearance | nmod:poss |
| 6 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 makes | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 coming | punct |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Gender=Masc Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 coming | nsubj |
| 9 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 announced | csubj:pass |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 announced | aux:pass |
| 11 | announced | announce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 makes | conj |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 barks | case |
| 13 | furious | furious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 barks | amod |
| 14 | barks | bark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 announced | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 howls | cc |
| 16 | howls | howl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 barks | conj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 sentinels | case |
| 18 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 20 sentinels | det |
| 19 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 sentinels | amod |
| 20 | sentinels | sentinel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 howls | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 makes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | a stranger | stranger's appearance | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset appearance=Product | ||||
| 2 | come | gerund | stranger | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | announce speech: other | present · passive | coming | by furious barks and howls of this hungry sentinels | vn order-58.3 «NP V S» | ||||
| 4 | howl | this hungry sentinels | nom howl «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/13/35/