Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian At Home, sentence 37
Unless his gun is ready, or their masters call them back, it is usually best for the stranger to find refuge in a tree; but the braves, squaws, and children give the white visitor a kind welcome as soon as they know that his visit is friendly.
Who acts: masters, it, children, dogs, visit, hunter · What happens: be, call back, find, give, know, visit · To what, where: dogs, refuge, tree, kind welcome, white visitor
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (masters, it, children, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 3 gun | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 gun | nmod:poss |
| 3 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ready | obl |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ready | cop |
| 5 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 call | punct |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 call | cc |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 masters | nmod:poss |
| 9 | masters | master | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 call | nsubj |
| 10 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ready | parataxis |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 call | obj |
| 12 | back | back | ADV | _ | 10 call | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 best | punct |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 best | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 best | cop |
| 16 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 17 best | advmod |
| 17 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 10 call | parataxis |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 stranger | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 stranger | det |
| 20 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 best | obl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 find | mark |
| 22 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 best | csubj |
| 23 | refuge | refuge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 find | obj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 tree | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 tree | det |
| 26 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 refuge | nmod |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 braves | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 braves | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 braves | det |
| 30 | braves | brave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ready | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 squaws | punct |
| 32 | squaws | squaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 braves | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 give | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 give | cc |
| 35 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 give | nsubj |
| 36 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 braves | acl:relcl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 visitor | det |
| 38 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 visitor | amod |
| 39 | visitor | visitor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 give | obj |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 welcome | det |
| 41 | kind | kind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 welcome | amod |
| 42 | welcome | welcome | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 give | obj |
| 43 | as | as | ADV | _ | 44 soon | advmod |
| 44 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 36 give | advmod |
| 45 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 47 know | mark |
| 46 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 know | nsubj |
| 47 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 soon | advcl |
| 48 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 52 friendly | mark |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 visit | nmod:poss |
| 50 | visit | visit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 friendly | nsubj |
| 51 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 friendly | cop |
| 52 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 know | advcl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 ready | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | unless hunter's gun; the braves and squaws obl; ready property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | call back speech: assert | present | dogs's masters | dogs = dog | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | is | present | it | for the stranger; good, usually property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | find | to-infinitive | refuge | a tree | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuge=Topic | ||||
| 5 | give | present | children | a kind welcome | the white visitor | soon property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent visitor=Recipient welcome=Theme | ||
| 6 | know | present | dogs = dog | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | is | present | hunter's visit | friendly property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | visit | hunter | nom visit «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/13/37/