Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names, sentence 1
An Indian, while hunting, followed a bear a long way into the forest.
What happens: hunt, follow · To what, where: bear, forest
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 Indian | det |
| 2 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 followed | punct |
| 4 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 7 followed | mark |
| 5 | hunting | hunt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 followed | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 hunting | punct |
| 7 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 Indian | advcl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 bear | det |
| 9 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 followed | obj |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 way | det |
| 11 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 way | amod |
| 12 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 followed | obl:unmarked |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 15 forest | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 forest | det |
| 15 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 followed | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 Indian | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | gerund | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | follow | past | a bear | the forest | a long way obl:unmarked | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bear=Theme into forest=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/14/1/