Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indian At Home, sentence 4
He espied an Indian on the forward deck who was making his toilet, apparently unaware that a paleface was watching the process.
Who acts: traveler, forward deck, paleface · What happens: espy, make, watch · To what, where: Indian, forward deck, toilet, process
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indian At Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traveler, forward deck, paleface), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 espied | nsubj |
| 2 | espied | espy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 Indian | det |
| 4 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 espied | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 deck | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 deck | det |
| 7 | forward | forward | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 deck | amod |
| 8 | deck | deck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 espied | obl |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 making | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 making | aux |
| 11 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 deck | acl:relcl |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 toilet | nmod:poss |
| 13 | toilet | toilet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 making | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 unaware | punct |
| 15 | apparently | apparently | ADV | _ | 16 unaware | advmod |
| 16 | unaware | unaware | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 espied | parataxis |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 watching | mark |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 paleface | det |
| 19 | paleface | paleface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 watching | nsubj |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 watching | aux |
| 21 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 unaware | advcl |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 process | det |
| 23 | process | process | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 watching | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 espied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | espy | past | traveler | a Indian | the forward deck | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer indian=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | make | past · progressive | the forward deck | traveler's toilet | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toilet=Product | ||||
| 3 | watch | past · progressive | a paleface | the process | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent process=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/13/4/