Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 25
Shells were carved with sharp tools and used as ornaments, or cut small into wampum.
What happens: carve, use, cut · To what, where: Shells
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carved | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 carved | aux:pass |
| 3 | carved | carve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 tools | case |
| 5 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 tools | amod |
| 6 | tools | tool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carved | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 used | cc |
| 8 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 carved | conj |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 ornaments | case |
| 10 | ornaments | ornament | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 used | obl:agent |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 cut | punct |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 cut | cc |
| 13 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 carved | conj |
| 14 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 cut | xcomp |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 wampum | case |
| 16 | wampum | wampum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 cut | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 carved | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carve | past · passive | Shells | with sharp tools | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with tool=Instrument | ||||
| 2 | use | participle | ornaments obl:agent | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | cut | participle | into wampum; small property | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into wampum=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/16/25/