Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses, sentence 19
Curious relics of dishes, cloth, and ornaments are found in these cliff-dwellings, but no one knows how many centuries since the empty houses were filled with living people, and no one knows why they were deserted.
Who acts: one · What happens: find, know, fill, desert · To what, where: Curious relics, cliff dwellings, empty houses, houses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 relics | amod |
| 2 | relics | relic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 found | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 dishes | case |
| 4 | dishes | dish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 relics | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 cloth | punct |
| 6 | cloth | cloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 relics | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 ornaments | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 ornaments | cc |
| 9 | ornaments | ornament | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 relics | conj |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 found | aux:pass |
| 11 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 dwellings | case |
| 13 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 16 dwellings | det |
| 14 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 dwellings | compound |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 cliff | punct |
| 16 | dwellings | dwelling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 found | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 knows | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 knows | cc |
| 19 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 20 one | det |
| 20 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 knows | nsubj |
| 21 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 found | parataxis |
| 22 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 many | advmod |
| 23 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 centuries | amod |
| 24 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 knows | obj |
| 25 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 30 filled | mark |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 houses | det |
| 27 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 houses | amod |
| 28 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 filled | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 filled | aux:pass |
| 30 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 knows | advcl |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 people | case |
| 32 | living | living | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 people | amod |
| 33 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 filled | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 knows | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 knows | cc |
| 36 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 37 one | det |
| 37 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 knows | nsubj |
| 38 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 knows | conj |
| 39 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 42 deserted | advmod |
| 40 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 deserted | nsubj |
| 41 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 deserted | aux:pass |
| 42 | deserted | desert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 knows | ccomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present · passive | Curious relics of dishes and cloth and ornaments | this cliff dwellings | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 2 | know | present | no one | century | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | fill | past · passive | the empty houses | with living people | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with people=Instrument | ||||
| 4 | know | present | no one | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | desert | past · passive | houses = house | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial_location»: subject=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/17/19/