Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, A Legend of Minnehaha Falls, sentence 27
They say white elk and white deer watch it from the shore.
Who acts: Indians, white elk · What happens: say, watch · To what, where: canoe, shore · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, A Legend of Minnehaha Falls. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, white elk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 say | nsubj |
| 2 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 elk | amod |
| 4 | elk | elk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 watch | nsubj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 deer | cc |
| 6 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 deer | amod |
| 7 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 elk | conj |
| 8 | watch | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 say | ccomp |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 watch | obj |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 shore | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 shore | det |
| 12 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 watch | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Indians = indian | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | watch | present | white elk and white deer | canoe | the shore | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/46/27/