Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves, sentence 5
When he was taken prisoner by his enemies in war, he had, unarmed, run the gauntlet; he had escaped when all the strong men of his enemies had stood in two lines striking at him as he ran between the lines.
Who acts: enemies, story, strong men, two lines · What happens: take, have, run, escape, stand, strike · To what, where: story, war, unarmed, gauntlet, two lines, lines
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemies, story, strong men, two lines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 taken | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 taken | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 taken | aux:pass |
| 4 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | prisoner | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 taken | xcomp |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 enemies | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 8 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 taken | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 war | case |
| 10 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 taken | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 had | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 taken | parataxis |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 unarmed | punct |
| 15 | unarmed | unarmed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 had | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 run | punct |
| 17 | run | run | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 15 unarmed | parataxis |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 gauntlet | det |
| 19 | gauntlet | gauntlet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 run | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 escaped | punct |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 escaped | nsubj |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 escaped | aux |
| 23 | escaped | escape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 had | conj |
| 24 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 33 stood | mark |
| 25 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 men | det:predet |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 men | det |
| 27 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 men | amod |
| 28 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 stood | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 enemies | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 31 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 men | nmod |
| 32 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 stood | aux |
| 33 | stood | stand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 escaped | advcl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 lines | case |
| 35 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 lines | nummod |
| 36 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 stood | obl |
| 37 | striking | strike | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 36 lines | acl |
| 38 | at | at | ADP | _ | 39 him | case |
| 39 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 striking | obl |
| 40 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 42 ran | mark |
| 41 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 ran | nsubj |
| 42 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 stood | advcl |
| 43 | between | between | ADP | _ | 45 lines | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 lines | det |
| 45 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 ran | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 taken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past · passive | story's enemies | story | war | prisoner xcomp | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Value in war=Location | ||
| 2 | have | past | story | unarmed | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent unarmed=Patient | ||||
| 3 | run | infinitive | the gauntlet | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gauntlet=Trajectory | |||||
| 4 | escape | past · perfect | story | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | stand | past · perfect | all strong men of story's enemies | two lines | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in line=Location | ||||
| 6 | strike | gerund | two lines not said here | at story | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at he=Patient | ||||
| 7 | run | past | story | the lines | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between line=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/52/5/