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Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, sentence 14

Fine fields of corn, squashes, and beans were planted and harvested by these fort dwellers, and they knew well how to protect themselves from intruders, for they had hundreds of stones and even huge rocks piled inside the fort ready to hurl at an enemy.

Who acts: Fine fields, beans, fields · What happens: squash, plant, harvest, know, protect, have · To what, where: beans, hundreds, huge rocks, fort, enemy

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fine fields, beans, fields), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

amodnsubjcasenmodpunctpunctccnsubjaux:passparataxisccconjcasedetcompoundoblpunctccnsubjparataxisadvmodadvmodmarkadvclobjcaseoblpunctcasensubjconjobjcasenmodccadvmodamodconjaclcasedetoblxcompmarkxcompcasedetoblpunctrootFineADJfieldsNOUNofADPcornNOUN,PUNCTsquashesVERB,PUNCTandCCONJbeansNOUNwereAUXplantedVERBandCCONJharvestedVERBbyADPtheseDETfortNOUNdwellersNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheyPRONknewVERBwellADVhowADVtoPARTprotectVERBthemselvesPRONfromADPintrudersNOUN,PUNCTforADPtheyPRONhadVERBhundredsNOUNofADPstonesNOUNandCCONJevenADVhugeADJrocksNOUNpiledVERBinsideADPtheDETfortNOUNreadyADJtoPARThurlVERBatADPanDETenemyNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1FinefineADJDegree=Pos2 fieldsamod
2fieldsfieldNOUNNumber=Plur6 squashesnsubj
3ofofADP_4 corncase
4corncornNOUNNumber=Sing2 fieldsnmod
5,,PUNCT_6 squashespunct
6squashessquashVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
7,,PUNCT_11 plantedpunct
8andandCCONJ_11 plantedcc
9beansbeanNOUNNumber=Plur11 plantednsubj
10werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin11 plantedaux:pass
11plantedplantVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass6 squashesparataxis
12andandCCONJ_13 harvestedcc
13harvestedharvestVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass11 plantedconj
14bybyADP_17 dwellerscase
15thesethisDETNumber=Plur PronType=Dem17 dwellersdet
16fortfortNOUNNumber=Sing17 dwellerscompound
17dwellersdwellerNOUNNumber=Plur13 harvestedobl
18,,PUNCT_21 knewpunct
19andandCCONJ_21 knewcc
20theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs21 knewnsubj
21knewknowVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin11 plantedparataxis
22wellwellADVDegree=Pos21 knewadvmod
23howhowADVPronType=Int25 protectadvmod
24totoPART_25 protectmark
25protectprotectVERBVerbForm=Inf21 knewadvcl
26themselvesthemselvesPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes25 protectobj
27fromfromADP_28 intruderscase
28intrudersintruderNOUNNumber=Plur25 protectobl
29,,PUNCT_32 hadpunct
30forforADP_32 hadcase
31theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs32 hadnsubj
32hadhaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin21 knewconj
33hundredshundredNOUNNumber=Plur32 hadobj
34ofofADP_35 stonescase
35stonesstoneNOUNNumber=Plur33 hundredsnmod
36andandCCONJ_39 rockscc
37evenevenADV_39 rocksadvmod
38hugehugeADJDegree=Pos39 rocksamod
39rocksrockNOUNNumber=Plur35 stonesconj
40piledpileVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass39 rocksacl
41insideinsideADP_43 fortcase
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art43 fortdet
43fortfortNOUNNumber=Sing40 piledobl
44readyreadyADJDegree=Pos40 piledxcomp
45totoPART_46 hurlmark
46hurlhurlVERBVerbForm=Inf44 readyxcomp
47atatADP_49 enemycase
48anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art49 enemydet
49enemyenemyNOUNNumber=Sing46 hurlobl
50..PUNCT_6 squashespunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1squashpresentFine fields of cornvn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme
2plantpast · passivebeansvn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3harvestparticipleby this fort dwellerstree rules
4knowpastbeans = beanwell propertyvn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5protectto-infinitivebeans = bean not said herebeans = beanfrom intrudersvn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary from intruder=Theme
6havepastfields = fieldhundreds of stones and huge rocksvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Patient
7pileparticiplehuge rocks not said herethe fortready propertyvn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme inside fort=Destination
8hurlto-infinitivea enemyvn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at enemy=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/7/14/