Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Records, sentence 26
The wampum belt tells its story by the pictures upon it, while the record sticks had only painted notches to help the memory of the tribe’s historians.
Who acts: wampum belt · What happens: tell, paint, help · To what, where: story, record sticks, memory · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Records. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wampum belt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 belt | det |
| 2 | wampum | wampum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 belt | compound |
| 3 | belt | belt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 tells | nsubj |
| 4 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 story | nmod:poss |
| 6 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 tells | obj |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 pictures | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 pictures | det |
| 9 | pictures | picture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 tells | obl |
| 10 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 11 it | case |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 pictures | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 painted | punct |
| 13 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 19 painted | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 sticks | det |
| 15 | record | record | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 sticks | compound |
| 16 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 painted | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 painted | aux |
| 18 | only | only | ADV | _ | 19 painted | advmod |
| 19 | painted | paint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 tells | parataxis |
| 20 | notches | notch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 painted | obj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 help | mark |
| 22 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 painted | advcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 memory | det |
| 24 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 help | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 historians | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 tribe | det |
| 27 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 historians | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 27 tribe | case |
| 29 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 memory | nmod |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 tells | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | present | the wampum belt | belt's story | by the pictures upon history | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient | |||
| 2 | paint | past · perfect · passive | the record sticks | notches obj | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient notch=Result | ||||
| 3 | help | to-infinitive | the memory of the tribe's historians | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/8/26/