Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Wampum Money, sentence 12
History has shown how faithfully these red men kept their pledge with the Quakers.
Who acts: red men, men · What happens: show, keep, pledge · To what, where: History, pledge
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (red men, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | History | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shown | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 shown | aux |
| 3 | shown | show | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 faithfully | advmod |
| 5 | faithfully | faithfully | ADV | _ | 9 kept | advmod |
| 6 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 8 men | det |
| 7 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 men | amod |
| 8 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 kept | nsubj |
| 9 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 shown | advcl |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 pledge | nmod:poss |
| 11 | pledge | pledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 kept | obj |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 Quakers | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Quakers | det |
| 14 | Quakers | Quaker | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 kept | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shown | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present · perfect · passive | History | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 2 | keep | past | this red men | men's pledge | with the Quakers; faithfully property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pledge=Theme | |||
| 3 | pledge | men = man | nom pledge «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/9/12/