Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 94
So the tired and thirsting trail-parties, swagging it across the wastes of tussock and cabbage trees, came to call the district “The Deceptive Plains of Waitaha,” for they discovered that it was unwise to rely upon springs and streams on the long tramp.
Who acts: Plains, race · What happens: thirst, swag, come, call, discover, be · To what, where: trail parties, race, wastes, district · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plains, race), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 tired | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 tired | det |
| 3 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 thirsting | cc |
| 5 | thirsting | thirst | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 tired | conj |
| 6 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 parties | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 trail | punct |
| 8 | parties | party | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 thirsting | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 swagging | punct |
| 10 | swagging | swag | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 thirsting | conj |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 swagging | obj |
| 12 | across | across | ADP | _ | 14 wastes | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 wastes | det |
| 14 | wastes | waste | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 swagging | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 tussock | case |
| 16 | tussock | tussock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 wastes | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 trees | cc |
| 18 | cabbage | cabbage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 trees | compound |
| 19 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 wastes | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 came | punct |
| 21 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 tired | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 call | mark |
| 23 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 came | xcomp |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 district | det |
| 25 | district | district | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 call | obj |
| 26 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 Plains | punct |
| 27 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Plains | det |
| 28 | Deceptive | deceptive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 Plains | amod |
| 29 | Plains | Plain | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 call | xcomp |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Waitaha | case |
| 31 | Waitaha | Waitaha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Plains | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 Plains | punct |
| 33 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 came | punct |
| 34 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 36 discovered | mark |
| 35 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 discovered | nsubj |
| 36 | discovered | discover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 came | advcl |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 40 unwise | mark |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 unwise | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 unwise | cop |
| 40 | unwise | unwise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 discovered | xcomp |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 rely | mark |
| 42 | rely | rely | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 unwise | advcl |
| 43 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 44 springs | case |
| 44 | springs | spring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 rely | obl |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 streams | cc |
| 46 | streams | stream | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 springs | conj |
| 47 | on | on | ADP | _ | 50 tramp | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 tramp | det |
| 49 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 tramp | amod |
| 50 | tramp | tramp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 rely | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 tired | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | thirst | gerund | trail parties | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | swag | gerund | race | the wastes of tussock and cabbage trees | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme | ||||
| 3 | come | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | call | to-infinitive | the district | the Deceptive Plains of Waitaha xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent district=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | discover | past | Plains = plain | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is | past | race | unwise property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | rely | to-infinitive | race not said here | spring | on the long tramp | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on tramp=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/94/