Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 28
Now we turn and, passing a rugged cornice in the lava wall, descend into the gully to examine for ourselves the tree-covering of old Kahukura’s shoulders.
Who acts: we · What happens: turn, pass, descend, examine · To what, where: rugged cornice, lava wall, gully, tree covering
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 turn | advmod |
| 2 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 turn | nsubj |
| 3 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 passing | cc |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 passing | punct |
| 6 | passing | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 turn | conj |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 cornice | det |
| 8 | rugged | rugged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 cornice | amod |
| 9 | cornice | cornice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 passing | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 wall | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 wall | det |
| 12 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 wall | compound |
| 13 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 passing | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 descend | punct |
| 15 | descend | descend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 turn | conj |
| 16 | into | into | ADP | _ | 18 gully | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 gully | det |
| 18 | gully | gully | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 descend | obl |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 examine | mark |
| 20 | examine | examine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 descend | advcl |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 ourselves | case |
| 22 | ourselves | ourselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 20 examine | obl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 covering | det |
| 24 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 covering | compound |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 tree | punct |
| 26 | covering | covering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 examine | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 shoulders | case |
| 28 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 Kahukura | amod |
| 29 | Kahukura | Kahukura | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 shoulders | nmod:poss |
| 30 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 29 Kahukura | case |
| 31 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 covering | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 turn | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present | we | now | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | pass | gerund | we not said here | a rugged cornice | the lava wall | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent cornice=Theme in wall=Destination | |||
| 3 | descend | present | we not said here | the gully | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into gully=Location | ||||
| 4 | examine | to-infinitive | we not said here | the tree covering of old Kahukura's shoulders | for ourselves | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent covering=Theme for ourselves=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/28/