Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 6
What the Canterbury coast would have been like but for the vast volcanic convulsions which formed these ranges and huge craters is not difficult to imagine.
Who acts: Canterbury coast, vast volcanic convulsions · What happens: have, be, form, not be, imagine · To what, where: ranges
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Canterbury coast, vast volcanic convulsions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 coast | det |
| 3 | Canterbury | Canterbury | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 coast | compound |
| 4 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 5 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 have | aux |
| 6 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 coast | acl |
| 7 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 convulsions | cop |
| 8 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 convulsions | case |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 convulsions | cc |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 convulsions | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 convulsions | det |
| 12 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 convulsions | amod |
| 13 | volcanic | volcanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 convulsions | amod |
| 14 | convulsions | convulsion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 have | obj |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 formed | nsubj |
| 16 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 convulsions | acl:relcl |
| 17 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 18 ranges | det |
| 18 | ranges | range | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 formed | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 craters | cc |
| 20 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 craters | amod |
| 21 | craters | crater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 ranges | conj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 difficult | cop |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 difficult | advmod |
| 24 | difficult | difficult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 formed | advcl |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 imagine | mark |
| 26 | imagine | imagine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 difficult | xcomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | would | the Canterbury coast not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | participle | like the vast volcanic convulsions | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | form | past | the vast volcanic convulsions | this ranges and huge craters | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location range=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not is | present | the vast volcanic convulsions not said here | difficult property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | imagine | to-infinitive | the vast volcanic convulsions not said here | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/9/6/