Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 8
Volcanic energy gave us Lyttelton and Akaroa harbours, and shaped for us also the ever-marvellous hills that are at once a grateful relief to the eye from the eternal evenness of the plains and a healthful place of pleasure for our city dwellers.
Who acts: Volcanic energy, that · What happens: give, shape, be · To what, where: Lyttelton, marvellous hills, grateful relief
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Volcanic energy, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Volcanic | volcanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 energy | amod |
| 2 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | nsubj |
| 3 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 gave | iobj |
| 5 | Lyttelton | Lyttelton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | iobj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 harbours | cc |
| 7 | Akaroa | Akaroa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 harbours | compound |
| 8 | harbours | harbour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 Lyttelton | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 shaped | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 shaped | cc |
| 11 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 gave | conj |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 us | case |
| 13 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 shaped | obl |
| 14 | also | also | ADV | _ | 19 hills | advmod |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 hills | det |
| 16 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 18 marvellous | advmod |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 ever | punct |
| 18 | marvellous | marvellous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 hills | amod |
| 19 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 shaped | obl |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 relief | nsubj |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 relief | cop |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 relief | case |
| 23 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 26 relief | advmod |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 relief | det |
| 25 | grateful | grateful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 relief | amod |
| 26 | relief | relief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 hills | parataxis |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 eye | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 eye | det |
| 29 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 relief | nmod |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 evenness | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 evenness | det |
| 32 | eternal | eternal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 evenness | amod |
| 33 | evenness | evenness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 eye | nmod |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 plains | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 plains | det |
| 36 | plains | plain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 evenness | nmod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 place | cc |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 place | det |
| 39 | healthful | healthful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 place | amod |
| 40 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 plains | conj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 pleasure | case |
| 42 | pleasure | pleasure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 place | nmod |
| 43 | for | for | ADP | _ | 46 dwellers | case |
| 44 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 dwellers | nmod:poss |
| 45 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 dwellers | compound |
| 46 | dwellers | dweller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 pleasure | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | Volcanic energy | Lyttelton and Akaroa harbours | us iobj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient lyttelton=Theme | |||
| 2 | shape | participle | Volcanic energy not said here | the marvellous hills | for us | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for we=Beneficiary | |||
| 3 | is | present | that | a grateful relief | to the eye from the eternal evenness of the plains and a healthful place of pleasure for our city dwellers; once property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/9/8/