The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 52
Having so said, the Future Buddha declared: “Since lust, ill-will, and delusion, which exist in these creatures, are the qualities which make creatures finite, therefore these creeping things are finite.”
Who acts: Future Buddha, delusion, qualities, creeping things · What happens: have, say, declare, exist, be, make · To what, where: creatures, qualities · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Future Buddha, delusion, qualities, creeping things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 declared | advcl |
| 2 | so | so | ADV | _ | 3 said | advmod |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Having | acl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Having | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Buddha | det |
| 6 | Future | Future | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Buddha | compound |
| 7 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 declared | nsubj |
| 8 | declared | declare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 will | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 will | punct |
| 11 | Since | since | ADP | _ | 12 lust | case |
| 12 | lust | lust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 will | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 lust | punct |
| 14 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 will | advcl |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 ill | punct |
| 16 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 declared | advcl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 delusion | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 delusion | cc |
| 19 | delusion | delusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 qualities | nsubj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 exist | punct |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 exist | nsubj |
| 22 | exist | exist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 delusion | acl:relcl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 creatures | case |
| 24 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 25 creatures | det |
| 25 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 exist | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 exist | punct |
| 27 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 qualities | cop |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 qualities | det |
| 29 | qualities | quality | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 declared | parataxis |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 make | nsubj |
| 31 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 qualities | acl:relcl |
| 32 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 make | obj |
| 33 | finite | finite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 make | xcomp |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 finite | punct |
| 35 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 40 finite | advmod |
| 36 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 38 things | det |
| 37 | creeping | creep | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 things | amod |
| 38 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 finite | nsubj |
| 39 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 finite | cop |
| 40 | finite | finite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 make | conj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 qualities | punct |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 declared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | the Future Buddha not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | participle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | declare speech: other | past | the Future Buddha | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | exist in a quote | present | delusion | this creatures | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in creature=Location | ||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | present | delusion | the qualities | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | make in a quote | present | the qualities | creatures | finite property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset creature=Product | |||
| 7 | creep in a quote | gerund | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 8 | is in a quote | present | this creeping things | finite, therefore property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/52/