Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 7, sentence 31
Dawn broke over the mountains, the voices were silent; they sighed in the morning wind, but the soldier could not understand the tones; at first he was inclined to hold all for a dream, but what he had heard stood so clear in his mind that he finally doubted no longer, and zealously defended the three trees.
Who acts: Dawn, voices, nymphs, soldier, voice · What happens: break, be, sigh, not understand, incline, hold · To what, where: mountains, tones, soldier, all, mind, three trees
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dawn, voices, nymphs, soldier), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dawn | Dawn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 broke | nsubj |
| 2 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | over | over | ADP | _ | 5 mountains | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 mountains | det |
| 5 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 broke | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 silent | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 voices | det |
| 8 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 silent | nsubj |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 silent | cop |
| 10 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 broke | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 sighed | punct |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 sighed | nsubj |
| 13 | sighed | sigh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 broke | conj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 wind | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 wind | det |
| 16 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 wind | compound |
| 17 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sighed | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 understand | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 understand | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 soldier | det |
| 21 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 understand | nsubj |
| 22 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 understand | aux |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 understand | advmod |
| 24 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 sighed | parataxis |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 tones | det |
| 26 | tones | tone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 understand | obj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 inclined | punct |
| 28 | at | at | ADP | _ | 29 first | case |
| 29 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 32 inclined | obl |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 inclined | nsubj |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 inclined | aux:pass |
| 32 | inclined | incline | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 broke | parataxis |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 hold | mark |
| 34 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 inclined | xcomp |
| 35 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 34 hold | obj |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 dream | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 dream | det |
| 38 | dream | dream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 hold | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 stood | punct |
| 40 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 45 stood | cc |
| 41 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 45 stood | nsubj |
| 42 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 heard | nsubj |
| 43 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 heard | aux |
| 44 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 41 what | acl:relcl |
| 45 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 broke | conj |
| 46 | so | so | ADV | _ | 47 clear | advmod |
| 47 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 stood | xcomp |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 mind | case |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 mind | nmod:poss |
| 50 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 stood | obl |
| 51 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 54 doubted | mark |
| 52 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 doubted | nsubj |
| 53 | finally | finally | ADV | _ | 54 doubted | advmod |
| 54 | doubted | doubt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 stood | advcl |
| 55 | no | no | ADV | _ | 56 longer | advmod |
| 56 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 54 doubted | advmod |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 defended | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 defended | cc |
| 59 | zealously | zealously | ADV | _ | 60 defended | advmod |
| 60 | defended | defend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 broke | conj |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 trees | det |
| 62 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 63 trees | nummod |
| 63 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 defended | obj |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 broke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break | past | Dawn | the mountains | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over mountain=Location | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the voices | silent property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | sigh | past | nymphs = nymph | in the morning wind | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in wind=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not understand | could | the soldier | the tones | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer tone=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | incline | past · passive | soldier | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | hold | to-infinitive | all | for a dream | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Theme | ||||
| 7 | hear | past · perfect | soldier | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | stand | past | soldier's mind | what nsubj; clear property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in mind=Location | ||||
| 9 | doubt | past | voice | finally, long property | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 10 | defend | past | Dawn not said here | the three trees | zealously property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Beneficiary | |||
| 11 | mind | soldier | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/24/31/