Folk tales from Tibet, How He Defeated the Enemy., sentence 11
During his gallop his hair had become loosened, and was now flying wildly in the air, and his shouts and adjurations to his horse increased the terror of his appearance.
Who acts: hair, adjurations, Boy · What happens: become, loosen, fly, shout, increase, gallop · To what, where: air, terror
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, How He Defeated the Enemy.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hair, adjurations, Boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 3 gallop | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 gallop | nmod:poss |
| 3 | gallop | gallop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 become | obl |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 hair | nmod:poss |
| 5 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 become | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 become | aux |
| 7 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 8 | loosened | loosen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 become | xcomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 loosened | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 flying | cc |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 flying | aux |
| 12 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 flying | advmod |
| 13 | flying | fly | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 become | conj |
| 14 | wildly | wildly | ADV | _ | 13 flying | advmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 air | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 air | det |
| 17 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 flying | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 shouts | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 shouts | cc |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 shouts | nmod:poss |
| 21 | shouts | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 become | parataxis |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 increased | cc |
| 23 | adjurations | adjuration | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 increased | nsubj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 horse | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 horse | nmod:poss |
| 26 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 adjurations | nmod |
| 27 | increased | increase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 shouts | conj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 terror | det |
| 29 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 increased | obj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 appearance | case |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 appearance | nmod:poss |
| 32 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 terror | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 become | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | past · perfect | Boy's hair | during Boy's gallop | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | loosen | participle | Boy's hair not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | fly | past · progressive | Boy's hair not said here | the air | now | wildly property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location | ||
| 4 | shout speech: express | present | Boy nmod:poss | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | increase | past | adjurations to Boy's horse | the terror of Boy's appearance | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer terror=Patient | ||||
| 6 | gallop | Boy | nom gallop «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/25/11/