Folk tales from Tibet, How He Defeated the Enemy., sentence 12
The enemy’s soldiers had never seen such a terrific-looking object before, and one and all came to the conclusion that he must undoubtedly be a demon that was attacking them, and that he would soon compass their entire destruction.
Who acts: one, Boy, demon, soldiers · What happens: not see, look, come, be, attack, compass · To what, where: soldiers, conclusion, demon
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, How He Defeated the Enemy.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, Boy, demon, soldiers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 enemy | det |
| 2 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 soldiers | nmod:poss |
| 3 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 2 enemy | case |
| 4 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 seen | aux |
| 6 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 7 seen | advmod |
| 7 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 13 object | det:predet |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 object | det |
| 10 | terrific | terrific | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 looking | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 terrific | punct |
| 12 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 object | amod |
| 13 | object | object | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 before | obl |
| 14 | before | before | ADV | _ | 7 seen | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 came | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 came | cc |
| 17 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 came | nsubj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 all | cc |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 one | conj |
| 20 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 seen | conj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 conclusion | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 conclusion | det |
| 23 | conclusion | conclusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 came | obl |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 demon | mark |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 demon | nsubj |
| 26 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 demon | aux |
| 27 | undoubtedly | undoubtedly | ADV | _ | 30 demon | advmod |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 demon | cop |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 demon | det |
| 30 | demon | demon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 conclusion | appos |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 attacking | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 attacking | aux |
| 33 | attacking | attack | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 demon | acl:relcl |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 attacking | obj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 compass | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 compass | cc |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 compass | mark |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 compass | nsubj |
| 39 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 compass | aux |
| 40 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 41 compass | advmod |
| 41 | compass | compass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 came | parataxis |
| 42 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 destruction | nmod:poss |
| 43 | entire | entire | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 destruction | amod |
| 44 | destruction | destruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 compass | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not see | past · perfect · passive | the enemy's soldiers | before property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | look | gerund | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 3 | come | past | one | the conclusion | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to conclusion=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | is a | must | Boy | a demon | undoubtedly property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | attack | past · progressive | a demon | soldiers = soldier | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 6 | compass | would | Boy | soldiers's entire destruction conj; soon property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | destroy | soldiers = soldier | nom destruction «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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