Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 75
Now Han Hsin had a friend and helper in Chang Lang, a literary man who was wise and safe to trust, and who often helped him in his plans.
Who acts: Han, literary man · What happens: have, be, trust, help, plan · To what, where: friend, Chang, Han, plans
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han, literary man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 had | advmod |
| 2 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 had | nsubj |
| 3 | Hsin | Hsin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Han | flat |
| 4 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 friend | det |
| 6 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 had | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 helper | cc |
| 8 | helper | helper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 friend | conj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 Chang | case |
| 10 | Chang | Chang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 had | obl |
| 11 | Lang | Lang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Chang | flat |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 man | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 man | det |
| 14 | literary | literary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 man | amod |
| 15 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Chang | appos |
| 16 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 wise | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 wise | cop |
| 18 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 man | acl:relcl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 safe | cc |
| 20 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 wise | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 trust | mark |
| 22 | trust | trust | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 safe | xcomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 helped | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 helped | cc |
| 25 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 helped | nsubj |
| 26 | often | often | ADV | _ | 27 helped | advmod |
| 27 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 had | conj |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 helped | obj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 plans | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 plans | nmod:poss |
| 31 | plans | plan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 helped | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Han | a friend and helper | Chang | now | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient | ||
| 2 | is | past | a literary man | wise property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | a literary man not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | trust | to-infinitive | a literary man not said here | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | help | past | Han | Han's plans | who nsubj; often property | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary | |||
| 6 | plan | Han | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/75/