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Negro myths from the Georgia coast, told in the vernacular, Opening, part 13, sentence 51

Bartram says that when he visited the River St. John the alligators at one point “were in such incredible numbers, and so close together from shore to shore, that it would have been easy to have walked across on their heads, had the animals been harmless.”

Who acts: Bartram, animals · What happens: say, visit, be, close, walk, have · To what, where: River John, one point, such incredible numbers, shore, heads · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Negro myths from the Georgia coast, told in the vernacular» by Charles C., Jr. Jones, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bartram, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjmarkadvmodnsubjccompdetcompoundnmod:descobjdetobjcasenummodoblpunctcopcaseamodamodconjpunctccadvmodccompadvmodcaseoblcaseoblpunctmarkexplauxauxcopadvclmarkauxxcompadvmodcasenmod:possoblpunctconjdetnsubjcopccomppunctpunctrootBartramPROPNsaysVERBthatSCONJwhenADVhePRONvisitedVERBtheDETRiverPROPNSt.PROPNJohnPROPNtheDETalligatorsNOUNatADPoneNUMpointNOUN“PUNCTwereAUXinADPsuchADJincredibleADJnumbersNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJsoADVcloseVERBtogetherADVfromADPshoreNOUNtoADPshoreNOUN,PUNCTthatSCONJitPRONwouldAUXhaveAUXbeenAUXeasyADJtoPARThaveAUXwalkedVERBacrossADVonADPtheirPRONheadsNOUN,PUNCThadVERBtheDETanimalsNOUNbeenAUXharmlessADJ.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1BartramBartramPROPNNumber=Sing2 saysnsubj
2sayssayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
3thatthatSCONJ_6 visitedmark
4whenwhenADVPronType=Int6 visitedadvmod
5hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs6 visitednsubj
6visitedvisitVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 saysccomp
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 Johndet
8RiverRiverPROPNNumber=Sing10 Johncompound
9St.St.PROPNNumber=Sing10 Johnnmod:desc
10JohnJohnPROPNNumber=Sing6 visitedobj
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 alligatorsdet
12alligatorsalligatorNOUNNumber=Plur6 visitedobj
13atatADP_15 pointcase
14oneoneNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card15 pointnummod
15pointpointNOUNNumber=Sing6 visitedobl
16“"PUNCT_21 numberspunct
17werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin21 numberscop
18ininADP_21 numberscase
19suchsuchADJDegree=Pos21 numbersamod
20incredibleincredibleADJDegree=Pos21 numbersamod
21numbersnumberNOUNNumber=Plur15 pointconj
22,,PUNCT_25 closepunct
23andandCCONJ_25 closecc
24sosoADV_25 closeadvmod
25closecloseVERBVerbForm=Inf2 saysccomp
26togethertogetherADV_25 closeadvmod
27fromfromADP_28 shorecase
28shoreshoreNOUNNumber=Sing25 closeobl
29totoADP_30 shorecase
30shoreshoreNOUNNumber=Sing25 closeobl
31,,PUNCT_37 easypunct
32thatthatSCONJ_37 easymark
33ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs37 easyexpl
34wouldwouldAUXVerbForm=Fin37 easyaux
35havehaveAUXVerbForm=Inf37 easyaux
36beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part37 easycop
37easyeasyADJDegree=Pos25 closeadvcl
38totoPART_40 walkedmark
39havehaveAUXVerbForm=Inf40 walkedaux
40walkedwalkVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part37 easyxcomp
41acrossacrossADV_40 walkedadvmod
42ononADP_44 headscase
43theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs44 headsnmod:poss
44headsheadNOUNNumber=Plur40 walkedobl
45,,PUNCT_46 hadpunct
46hadhaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 saysconj
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art48 animalsdet
48animalsanimalNOUNNumber=Plur50 harmlessnsubj
49beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part50 harmlesscop
50harmlessharmlessADJDegree=Pos46 hadccomp
51..PUNCT_2 sayspunct
52”"PUNCT_2 sayspunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1say speech: assertpresentBartramvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2visitpastBartramthe River John St.one point and such incredible numbersthe alligators objtree rules
3is in a quotepastBartram not said heresuch incredible numberstree rules
4close in a quoteinfinitiveshoreto shore; together propertyvn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to shore=Recipient
5is in a quotewould · perfecteasy propertytree rules
6walk in a quoteto-infinitive · perfectshores's headsacross propertyvn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on head=Trajectory
7have in a quotepastBartram not said herevn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
8is in a quoteparticiplethe animalsharmless propertytree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Negro myths from the Georgia coast, told in the vernacular» by Charles C., Jr. Jones, Project Gutenberg book 76586 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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