Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., sentence 35
He asked his pupil what hand had written the lines.
Who acts: Nuh · What happens: ask, write · To what, where: pupil, hand · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nuh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 asked | nsubj |
| 2 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 pupil | nmod:poss |
| 4 | pupil | pupil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 asked | obj |
| 5 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 8 written | obj |
| 6 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 written | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 written | aux |
| 8 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 asked | ccomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 lines | det |
| 10 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 written | obj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | past | Nuh | Nuh's pupil | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent pupil=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | write | past · perfect · passive | hand | what obj; the lines obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/10/35/