Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 46
The prince, however, used him as a shield to ward off the press of foes: while, with his sword, he defended himself against those in front of him.
Who acts: prince, foes · What happens: use, ward off, defend, press · To what, where: Tenderos, press, Prince
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, foes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 prince | det |
| 2 | prince | prince | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 used | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 prince | punct |
| 4 | however | however | ADV | _ | 6 used | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 however | punct |
| 6 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 used | obj |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 shield | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 shield | det |
| 10 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 used | obl |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 ward | mark |
| 12 | ward | ward | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 used | advcl |
| 13 | off | off | ADP | _ | 12 ward | compound:prt |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 press | det |
| 15 | press | press | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ward | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 foes | case |
| 17 | foes | foe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 press | nmod |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 while | punct |
| 19 | while | while | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 press | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 sword | punct |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 sword | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 sword | nmod:poss |
| 23 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ward | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 defended | punct |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 defended | nsubj |
| 26 | defended | defend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 used | conj |
| 27 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 26 defended | obj |
| 28 | against | against | ADP | _ | 29 those | case |
| 29 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 26 defended | obl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 front | case |
| 31 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 those | nmod |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 him | case |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 front | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | the prince | Tenderos | as a shield; however property | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent he=Duration as shield=Attribute | |||
| 2 | ward off | to-infinitive | the prince not said here | the press of foes and while | with Prince's sword | tree rules | |||
| 3 | defend | past | Prince | Prince | against those in front of Tenderos | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary against that=Theme | |||
| 4 | press | foes | nom press «state intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/46/