Legends of the conquest of Spain, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms., sentence 31
Several of the most ancient and experienced cavaliers, beholding the state of the army, advised Don Roderick to await the arrival of more regular troops, which were stationed in Iberia, Cantabria, and Gallia Gothica; but this counsel was strenuously opposed by the Bishop Oppas; who urged the king to march immediately against the infidels.
Who acts: Bishop, regular troops · What happens: behold, advise, await, station, oppose, urge · To what, where: state, Don, arrival, regular troops, Iberia, counsel
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bishop, regular troops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 cavaliers | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 cavaliers | det |
| 4 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 5 ancient | advmod |
| 5 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 cavaliers | amod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 experienced | cc |
| 7 | experienced | experienced | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 ancient | conj |
| 8 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Several | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 beholding | punct |
| 10 | beholding | behold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Several | conj |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 state | det |
| 12 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 beholding | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 army | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 army | det |
| 15 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 state | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 advised | punct |
| 17 | advised | advise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 beholding | parataxis |
| 18 | Don | Don | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 advised | obj |
| 19 | Roderick | Roderick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Don | flat |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 await | mark |
| 21 | await | await | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 advised | advcl |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 arrival | det |
| 23 | arrival | arrival | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 await | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 troops | case |
| 25 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 26 regular | advmod |
| 26 | regular | regular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 troops | amod |
| 27 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 23 arrival | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 stationed | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 stationed | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 stationed | aux:pass |
| 31 | stationed | station | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 troops | acl:relcl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 Iberia | case |
| 33 | Iberia | Iberia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 stationed | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 Cantabria | punct |
| 35 | Cantabria | Cantabria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Iberia | conj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 Gothica | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 Gothica | cc |
| 38 | Gallia | Gallia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Gothica | compound |
| 39 | Gothica | Gothica | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Iberia | conj |
| 40 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 46 opposed | punct |
| 41 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 opposed | cc |
| 42 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 43 counsel | det |
| 43 | counsel | counsel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 opposed | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 opposed | aux:pass |
| 45 | strenuously | strenuously | ADV | _ | 46 opposed | advmod |
| 46 | opposed | oppose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Several | conj |
| 47 | by | by | ADP | _ | 49 Bishop | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Bishop | det |
| 49 | Bishop | Bishop | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 opposed | obl |
| 50 | Oppas | Oppas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 Bishop | flat |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 53 urged | punct |
| 52 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 53 urged | nsubj |
| 53 | urged | urge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 Bishop | acl:relcl |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 king | det |
| 55 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 urged | obj |
| 56 | to | to | PART | _ | 57 march | mark |
| 57 | march | march | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 53 urged | xcomp |
| 58 | immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 57 march | advmod |
| 59 | against | against | ADP | _ | 61 infidels | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 infidels | det |
| 61 | infidels | infidel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 57 march | obl |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Several | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | behold | gerund | the state of the army | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer state=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | advise speech: other | participle | Don | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent don=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | await | to-infinitive | the arrival of regular troops | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | station | past · passive | regular troops | Iberia and Cantabria and Gallia Gothica | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in iberia=Destination | ||||
| 5 | oppose | past · passive | the Bishop | this counsel | strenuously property | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 6 | urge | past | the Bishop | the king | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent king=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 7 | march not said to happen | to-infinitive | the Bishop not said here | the infidels | immediately property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against infidel=Trajectory | |||
| 9 | arrive | regular troops | nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/14/31/