Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 39
The trumpets sounded a retreat, and the army retired in tumult and confusion, harassed by the enemy until extricated from the defile.
Who acts: trumpets, enemy · What happens: sound, retire, harass, extricate · To what, where: retreat, army, tumult, defile
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trumpets, enemy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 trumpets | det |
| 2 | trumpets | trumpet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sounded | nsubj |
| 3 | sounded | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 retreat | det |
| 5 | retreat | retreat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sounded | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 harassed | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 harassed | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 army | det |
| 9 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 harassed | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | retired | retire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 army | acl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 tumult | case |
| 12 | tumult | tumult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 retired | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 confusion | cc |
| 14 | confusion | confusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 tumult | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 harassed | punct |
| 16 | harassed | harass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 sounded | conj |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 enemy | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 enemy | det |
| 19 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 harassed | obl |
| 20 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 21 extricated | mark |
| 21 | extricated | extricate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 harassed | advcl |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 defile | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 defile | det |
| 24 | defile | defile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 extricated | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sounded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sound | past | the trumpets | a retreat | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location retreat=Theme | ||||
| 2 | retire | participle | the army not said here | tumult and confusion | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | harass | participle · passive | the enemy | the army | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | extricate | participle | the enemy not said here | the defile | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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