Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 40
In this way be checked and harassed the Moslem army in all its movements; showering down missiles upon it from overhanging precipices, and waylaying it in narrow and rugged defiles, where a few raw troops could make stand against a host.
Who acts: few raw troops, army · What happens: check, harass, shower down, overhang, waylay, make · To what, where: way, Moslem army, movements, missiles, army, precipices
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (few raw troops, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 way | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 way | det |
| 3 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 checked | obl |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 checked | aux:pass |
| 5 | checked | check | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 harassed | cc |
| 7 | harassed | harass | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 checked | conj |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 army | det |
| 9 | Moslem | Moslem | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 army | amod |
| 10 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 harassed | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 movements | case |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 movements | det:predet |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 movements | nmod:poss |
| 14 | movements | movement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 harassed | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 showering | punct |
| 16 | showering | shower | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 checked | advcl |
| 17 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 showering | compound:prt |
| 18 | missiles | missile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 showering | obj |
| 19 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 20 it | case |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 missiles | nmod |
| 21 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 22 overhanging | mark |
| 22 | overhanging | overhang | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 showering | advcl |
| 23 | precipices | precipice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 overhanging | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 waylaying | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 waylaying | cc |
| 26 | waylaying | waylay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 showering | conj |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 waylaying | obj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 defiles | case |
| 29 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 defiles | amod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 rugged | cc |
| 31 | rugged | rugged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 narrow | conj |
| 32 | defiles | defile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 waylaying | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 make | punct |
| 34 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 40 make | advmod |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 troops | det |
| 36 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 troops | amod |
| 37 | raw | raw | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 troops | amod |
| 38 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 40 make | nsubj |
| 39 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 make | aux |
| 40 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 waylaying | conj |
| 41 | stand | stand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 make | obj |
| 42 | against | against | ADP | _ | 44 host | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 host | det |
| 44 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 make | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 checked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | check | infinitive · passive | this way | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: in way=Location | |||||
| 2 | harass | past | the Moslem army | army's movements | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus army=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | shower down | gerund | missiles | army | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent missile=Theme upon it=Destination | ||||
| 4 | overhang | gerund | precipices | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme precipice=Co-Theme | |||||
| 5 | waylay | gerund | army | narrow defiles | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | make | could | a few raw troops | stand | against a host | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stand=Product | |||
| 7 | move | army | nom movement «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/40/