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Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 40

In this way be checked and harassed the Moslem army in all its movements; showering down missiles upon it from overhanging precipices, and waylaying it in narrow and rugged defiles, where a few raw troops could make stand against a host.

Who acts: few raw troops, army · What happens: check, harass, shower down, overhang, waylay, make · To what, where: way, Moslem army, movements, missiles, army, precipices

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (few raw troops, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

casedetoblaux:passccconjdetamodobjcasedet:predetnmod:possoblpunctadvclcompound:prtobjcasenmodmarkadvclobjpunctccconjobjcaseamodccconjoblpunctadvmoddetamodamodnsubjauxconjobjcasedetoblpunctrootInADPthisDETwayNOUNbeAUXcheckedVERBandCCONJharassedVERBtheDETMoslemADJarmyNOUNinADPallDETitsPRONmovementsNOUN;PUNCTshoweringVERBdownADPmissilesNOUNuponADPitPRONfromSCONJoverhangingVERBprecipicesNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJwaylayingVERBitPRONinADPnarrowADJandCCONJruggedADJdefilesNOUN,PUNCTwhereADVaDETfewADJrawADJtroopsNOUNcouldAUXmakeVERBstandNOUNagainstADPaDEThostNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1IninADP_3 waycase
2thisthisDETNumber=Sing PronType=Dem3 waydet
3waywayNOUNNumber=Sing5 checkedobl
4bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf5 checkedaux:pass
5checkedcheckVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
6andandCCONJ_7 harassedcc
7harassedharassVERBMood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin5 checkedconj
8thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 armydet
9MoslemMoslemADJDegree=Pos10 armyamod
10armyarmyNOUNNumber=Sing7 harassedobj
11ininADP_14 movementscase
12allallDETPronType=Tot14 movementsdet:predet
13itsitsPRONCase=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs14 movementsnmod:poss
14movementsmovementNOUNNumber=Plur7 harassedobl
15;;PUNCT_16 showeringpunct
16showeringshowerVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part5 checkedadvcl
17downdownADP_16 showeringcompound:prt
18missilesmissileNOUNNumber=Plur16 showeringobj
19uponuponADP_20 itcase
20ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs18 missilesnmod
21fromfromSCONJ_22 overhangingmark
22overhangingoverhangVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part16 showeringadvcl
23precipicesprecipiceNOUNNumber=Plur22 overhangingobj
24,,PUNCT_26 waylayingpunct
25andandCCONJ_26 waylayingcc
26waylayingwaylayVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part16 showeringconj
27ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs26 waylayingobj
28ininADP_32 defilescase
29narrownarrowADJDegree=Pos32 defilesamod
30andandCCONJ_31 ruggedcc
31ruggedruggedADJDegree=Pos29 narrowconj
32defilesdefileNOUNNumber=Plur26 waylayingobl
33,,PUNCT_40 makepunct
34wherewhereADVPronType=Rel40 makeadvmod
35aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art38 troopsdet
36fewfewADJDegree=Pos38 troopsamod
37rawrawADJDegree=Pos38 troopsamod
38troopstroopsNOUNNumber=Ptan40 makensubj
39couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin40 makeaux
40makemakeVERBVerbForm=Inf26 waylayingconj
41standstandNOUNNumber=Sing40 makeobj
42againstagainstADP_44 hostcase
43aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art44 hostdet
44hosthostNOUNNumber=Sing40 makeobl
45..PUNCT_5 checkedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1checkinfinitive · passivethis wayvn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: in way=Location
2harasspastthe Moslem armyarmy's movementsvn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus army=Experiencer
3shower downgerundmissilesarmyvn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent missile=Theme upon it=Destination
4overhanggerundprecipicesvn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme precipice=Co-Theme
5waylaygerundarmynarrow defilestree rules
6makecoulda few raw troopsstandagainst a hostvn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stand=Product
7movearmynom movement «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/40/