The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 9, sentence 31
Northward ere dawn they rode with a great host; And loosed their steeds by Darvra’s mirror clear What time purpureal evening like a ghost Stepped from the blue glen on the glimmering mere: And camped where stood the ruminating herds With heads forth leaning t’ward those human birds.
Who acts: ere dawn · What happens: ride, loose, step, camp, stand, ruminate · To what, where: steeds, ghost, blue glen, ruminating herds, human birds
This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ere dawn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Northward | northward | ADV | _ | 2 ere | advmod |
| 2 | ere | ere | PROPN | _ | 3 dawn | compound |
| 3 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rode | nsubj |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 rode | nsubj |
| 5 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 host | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 host | det |
| 8 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 host | amod |
| 9 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rode | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 loosed | punct |
| 11 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 loosed | cc |
| 12 | loosed | loose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 rode | conj |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 steeds | nmod:poss |
| 14 | steeds | steed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 loosed | obj |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 mirror | case |
| 16 | Darvra | Darvra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 mirror | nmod:poss |
| 17 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 16 Darvra | case |
| 18 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 loosed | obl |
| 19 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 loosed | xcomp |
| 20 | What | what | DET | PronType=Int | 21 time | det |
| 21 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 loosed | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | purpureal | purpureal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 evening | amod |
| 23 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 time | nmod |
| 24 | like | like | ADP | _ | 26 ghost | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 ghost | det |
| 26 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 evening | nmod |
| 27 | Stepped | step | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 ghost | acl |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 glen | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 glen | det |
| 30 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 glen | amod |
| 31 | glen | glen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 Stepped | obl |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 mere | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 mere | det |
| 34 | glimmering | glimmering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 mere | compound |
| 35 | mere | mere | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 glen | nmod |
| 36 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 38 camped | punct |
| 37 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 camped | cc |
| 38 | camped | camp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 rode | conj |
| 39 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 40 stood | advmod |
| 40 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 camped | conj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 herds | det |
| 42 | ruminating | ruminate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 43 herds | amod |
| 43 | herds | herd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 stood | obj |
| 44 | With | with | ADP | _ | 45 heads | case |
| 45 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 stood | obl |
| 46 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 40 stood | advmod |
| 47 | leaning | lean | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 stood | advcl |
| 48 | t’ward | t'ward | ADV | _ | 47 leaning | advmod |
| 49 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 51 birds | det |
| 50 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 birds | amod |
| 51 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 leaning | obj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 rode | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ride | past | ere dawn | with a great host; songs = song nsubj | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | loose | past | ere dawn not said here | songs's steeds | time | by Darvra's mirror; clear property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent steed=Patient | ||
| 3 | step | participle | a ghost not said here | the blue glen on the glimmering mere | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from glen=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | camp | past | ere dawn not said here | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | stand | past | ere dawn not said here | the ruminating herds | with heads; forth property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer herd=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | ruminate | gerund | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | lean | gerund | ere dawn not said here | that human birds | t'ward property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bird=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78491/9/31/