Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 1, sentence 142
[4] It was Bryant, I think, who declared that the forest trees of New England were all the summer time repeating in Indian words “their old poetic legends to the wind,” and it is a tradition that there are ancient Indians who understand the language of Mūūin the Bear--wherein may lurk more truth than most would deem, according to the latest faith!--but these were unto all lost tongues, and the dreams were thinnest air.
Who acts: goblin, I, forest trees, summer time, ancient Indians, most · What happens: be, think, declare, repeat, understand, lurk · To what, where: Bryant, summer time, Indian words, tradition, language, more truth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (goblin, I, forest trees, summer time), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 4 | punct |
| 2 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | root | root |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 4 | punct |
| 4 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 Bryant | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 Bryant | cop |
| 6 | Bryant | Bryant | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 4 | nmod:unmarked |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 think | punct |
| 8 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 think | nsubj |
| 9 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 4 | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 declared | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 declared | nsubj |
| 12 | declared | declare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 think | ccomp |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 time | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 trees | det |
| 15 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 trees | compound |
| 16 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 time | nsubj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 England | case |
| 18 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 England | flat |
| 19 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 trees | nmod |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 time | cop |
| 21 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 time | det:predet |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 time | det |
| 23 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 time | compound |
| 24 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 declared | ccomp |
| 25 | repeating | repeat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 time | acl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 words | case |
| 27 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 words | amod |
| 28 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 repeating | obl |
| 29 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 legends | punct |
| 30 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 legends | nmod:poss |
| 31 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 legends | amod |
| 32 | poetic | poetic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 legends | amod |
| 33 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 words | appos |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 wind | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 wind | det |
| 36 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 legends | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 legends | punct |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 legends | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 tradition | cc |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 tradition | nsubj |
| 41 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 tradition | cop |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 tradition | det |
| 43 | tradition | tradition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 declared | conj |
| 44 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 46 are | mark |
| 45 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 46 are | expl |
| 46 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 50 understand | advcl |
| 47 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 Indians | amod |
| 48 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 50 understand | nsubj |
| 49 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 50 understand | nsubj |
| 50 | understand | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 tradition | parataxis |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 language | det |
| 52 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 understand | obj |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 Mūūin | case |
| 54 | Mūūin | Mūūin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 language | nmod |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 Bear | det |
| 56 | Bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 language | appos |
| 57 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 60 lurk | punct |
| 58 | wherein | wherein | ADV | PronType=Int | 60 lurk | advmod |
| 59 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 60 lurk | aux |
| 60 | lurk | lurk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 Bear | acl:relcl |
| 61 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 62 truth | amod |
| 62 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 lurk | obj |
| 63 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 66 deem | mark |
| 64 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 66 deem | nsubj |
| 65 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 66 deem | aux |
| 66 | deem | deem | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 62 truth | acl |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 faith | punct |
| 68 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 72 faith | case |
| 69 | to | to | ADP | _ | 68 according | fixed |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 faith | det |
| 71 | latest | late | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 72 faith | amod |
| 72 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 lurk | parataxis |
| 73 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 72 faith | punct |
| 74 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 81 tongues | punct |
| 75 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 81 tongues | cc |
| 76 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 81 tongues | nsubj |
| 77 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 81 tongues | cop |
| 78 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 81 tongues | case |
| 79 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 81 tongues | det |
| 80 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 81 tongues | amod |
| 81 | tongues | tongue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 think | obl |
| 82 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 88 air | punct |
| 83 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 88 air | cc |
| 84 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 85 dreams | det |
| 85 | dreams | dream | NOUN | Number=Plur | 88 air | nsubj |
| 86 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 88 air | cop |
| 87 | thinnest | thin | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 88 air | amod |
| 88 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 think | obl |
| 89 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 4 | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | goblin | Bryant | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | present | I | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | declare speech: other | past | who nsubj | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a | past | the forest trees of New England | all summer time | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | repeat | gerund | all summer time not said here | Indian words | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | is a | present | goblin | a tradition | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | be | present | ancient Indians not said here | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | understand | present | ancient Indians | the language of Mūūin | a tradition nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus | |||
| 9 | lurk | may | more truth | the latest faith parataxis; wherein property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | deem | would | most | more truth not said here | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent truth=Attribute | ||||
| 11 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 12 | lose | participle | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 13 | is | past | these | unto all lost tongues | tree rules | ||||
| 14 | is a | past | the dreams | thinnest air | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/1/142/