Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 1, sentence 94
I regret that, though I had certainly acquired some knowledge of “Indian,” it was, as a Passamaquoddy friend one day amiably observed, “only baby Injun now grow bigger some day like Miʿkumwess s’posin’ you want to,” in reference to a small goblin who is believed to have the power of increasing his stature at will.
Who acts: I, knowledge, Passamaquoddy friend, you, power · What happens: regret, acquire, be, observe, grow, want · To what, where: that, knowledge, baby, reference, small goblin, power
This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, knowledge, Passamaquoddy friend, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 regret | nsubj |
| 2 | regret | regret | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 regret | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 acquired | punct |
| 5 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 9 acquired | mark |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 acquired | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 acquired | aux |
| 8 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 9 acquired | advmod |
| 9 | acquired | acquire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 regret | parataxis |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 knowledge | det |
| 11 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 acquired | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Indian | case |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 Indian | punct |
| 14 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 knowledge | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 acquired | punct |
| 16 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 regret | punct |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 friend | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 friend | cop |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 friend | punct |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 23 friend | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 friend | det |
| 22 | Passamaquoddy | Passamaquoddy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 friend | compound |
| 23 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 regret | parataxis |
| 24 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 day | nummod |
| 25 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 observed | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | amiably | amiably | ADV | _ | 27 observed | advmod |
| 27 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 friend | acl:relcl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 grow | punct |
| 29 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 grow | punct |
| 30 | only | only | ADV | _ | 31 baby | advmod |
| 31 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 grow | obl |
| 32 | Injun | Injun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 baby | appos |
| 33 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 34 grow | advmod |
| 34 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 observed | conj |
| 35 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 grow | xcomp |
| 36 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 37 day | det |
| 37 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 grow | obl:unmarked |
| 38 | like | like | ADP | _ | 40 s’posin | case |
| 39 | Miʿkumwess | Miʿkumwess | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 s’posin | compound |
| 40 | s’posin | s'posin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 want | obl |
| 41 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 40 s’posin | punct |
| 42 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 43 want | nsubj |
| 43 | want | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 grow | conj |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 want | xcomp |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 grow | punct |
| 46 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 grow | punct |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 48 reference | case |
| 48 | reference | reference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 grow | obl |
| 49 | to | to | ADP | _ | 52 goblin | case |
| 50 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 goblin | det |
| 51 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 goblin | amod |
| 52 | goblin | goblin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 reference | nmod |
| 53 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 55 believed | nsubj:pass |
| 54 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 55 believed | aux:pass |
| 55 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 52 goblin | acl:relcl |
| 56 | to | to | PART | _ | 57 have | mark |
| 57 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 55 believed | xcomp |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 power | det |
| 59 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 have | obj |
| 60 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 61 increasing | mark |
| 61 | increasing | increase | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 59 power | acl |
| 62 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 63 stature | nmod:poss |
| 63 | stature | stature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 increasing | obj |
| 64 | at | at | ADP | _ | 65 will | case |
| 65 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 61 increasing | aux |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 regret | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | regret | present | I | that | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | acquire | past · perfect | I | some knowledge of Indian | certainly property | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Theme | |||
| 3 | is | past | knowledge | as a Passamaquoddy friend | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | observe | past | a Passamaquoddy friend not said here | day | amiably property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||
| 5 | grow in a quote | present | a Passamaquoddy friend not said here | baby | reference to a small goblin | now; day | big property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in reference=Location | |
| 6 | want in a quote | present | you | like Miʿkumwess s’posin | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 7 | believe | present · passive | a small goblin | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | have | to-infinitive | the power | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient | |||||
| 9 | increase | future | the power not said here | friend's stature | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer stature=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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