Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 56
But in Irish literature there has been preserved, along with the _fasti_ and the laws, this immense mass of ancient ballad, tale, and epic, whose origin is lost in the mists of extreme antiquity, and in which have been preserved the characters, relationships, adventures, and achievements of the vast majority of the personages whose names, in a gaunt nakedness, fill the books of the chroniclers.
Who acts: achievements, personages · What happens: preserve, lose, fill, mist, achieve, name · To what, where: Irish literature, origin, mists, characters, books, extreme antiquity
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (achievements, personages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 preserved | cc |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 literature | case |
| 3 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 literature | amod |
| 4 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 preserved | obl |
| 5 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 8 preserved | expl |
| 6 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 preserved | aux |
| 7 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 preserved | aux:pass |
| 8 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 fasti | punct |
| 10 | along | along | ADP | _ | 14 fasti | case |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 fasti | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 fasti | det |
| 13 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 14 fasti | punct |
| 14 | fasti | fasti | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 preserved | obl |
| 15 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 14 fasti | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 laws | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 laws | det |
| 18 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 fasti | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 mass | punct |
| 20 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 mass | det |
| 21 | immense | immense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 mass | amod |
| 22 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 laws | appos |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 ballad | case |
| 24 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 ballad | amod |
| 25 | ballad | ballad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mass | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 tale | punct |
| 27 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 ballad | appos |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 epic | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 epic | cc |
| 30 | epic | epic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 preserved | parataxis |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 lost | punct |
| 32 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 33 origin | nmod:poss |
| 33 | origin | origin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 lost | aux:pass |
| 35 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 epic | conj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 mists | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 mists | det |
| 38 | mists | mist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 lost | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 antiquity | case |
| 40 | extreme | extreme | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 antiquity | amod |
| 41 | antiquity | antiquity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 mists | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 preserved | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 preserved | cc |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 which | case |
| 45 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 48 preserved | obl |
| 46 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 preserved | aux |
| 47 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 48 preserved | aux:pass |
| 48 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 preserved | conj |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 characters | det |
| 50 | characters | character | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 preserved | obj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 relationships | punct |
| 52 | relationships | relationship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 characters | conj |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 adventures | punct |
| 54 | adventures | adventure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 characters | conj |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 fill | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 73 fill | cc |
| 57 | achievements | achievement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 73 fill | nsubj |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 majority | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 majority | det |
| 60 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 majority | amod |
| 61 | majority | majority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 achievements | nmod |
| 62 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 personages | case |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 personages | det |
| 64 | personages | personage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 majority | nmod |
| 65 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 66 names | nmod:poss |
| 66 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 64 personages | nmod |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 nakedness | punct |
| 68 | in | in | ADP | _ | 71 nakedness | case |
| 69 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 71 nakedness | det |
| 70 | gaunt | gaunt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 nakedness | amod |
| 71 | nakedness | nakedness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 names | nmod |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 fill | punct |
| 73 | fill | fill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 preserved | advcl |
| 74 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 books | det |
| 75 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 73 fill | obj |
| 76 | of | of | ADP | _ | 78 chroniclers | case |
| 77 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 78 chroniclers | det |
| 78 | chroniclers | chronicler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 75 books | nmod |
| 79 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 preserved | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | preserve | present · perfect · passive | Irish literature; there | along the fasti and the laws | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING» | ||||
| 2 | lose | present · passive | origin | the mists of extreme antiquity | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | preserve | present · perfect · passive | the characters and relationships and adventures | which obl | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: character=Beneficiary | ||||
| 4 | fill | infinitive | achievements of the vast majority of the personages the personages names's names in a gaunt nakedness | the books of the chroniclers | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent book=Patient | ||||
| 5 | mist | extreme antiquity | nom mist «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | achieve | the vast majority of the personages the personages names in a gaunt nakedness's names in a gaunt nakedness | nom achievement «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | name | the personages the personages names in a gaunt nakedness's names in a gaunt nakedness | a gaunt nakedness | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent in=place |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/2/56/