Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5, sentence 19
But he saw, too, that the historical origin of the ballads, and the position in time and place of the heroes whom they praised, had been lost in that colony removed since the time of St. Columba from its old connection with the mother country.
Who acts: MacPherson, ballads · What happens: see, praise, lose, remove · To what, where: historical origin, heroes, position, colony
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (MacPherson, ballads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 saw | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 too | punct |
| 5 | too | too | ADV | _ | 3 saw | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 origin | punct |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 origin | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 origin | det |
| 9 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 origin | amod |
| 10 | origin | origin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 ballads | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 ballads | det |
| 13 | ballads | ballad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 origin | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 lost | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 lost | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 position | det |
| 17 | position | position | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 time | case |
| 19 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 position | nmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 place | cc |
| 21 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 time | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 heroes | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 heroes | det |
| 24 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 place | nmod |
| 25 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 praised | obj |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 praised | nsubj |
| 27 | praised | praise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 heroes | acl:relcl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 position | punct |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 lost | aux |
| 30 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 lost | aux:pass |
| 31 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 saw | conj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 colony | case |
| 33 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 34 colony | det |
| 34 | colony | colony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 lost | obl |
| 35 | removed | remove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 colony | acl |
| 36 | since | since | ADP | _ | 38 time | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 time | det |
| 38 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 removed | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 Columba | case |
| 40 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Columba | nmod:desc |
| 41 | Columba | Columba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 time | nmod |
| 42 | from | from | ADP | _ | 45 connection | case |
| 43 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 connection | nmod:poss |
| 44 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 connection | amod |
| 45 | connection | connection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 Columba | nmod |
| 46 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 country | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 country | det |
| 48 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 country | compound |
| 49 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 connection | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | MacPherson | the historical origin of the ballads | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | praise | past | ballads = ballad | the heroes | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lose | past · perfect · passive | the position in time and place of the heroes | that colony | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | remove | participle | that colony not said here | time | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/5/19/