In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 176
That variety of _kō-kwai_ called _Jitchū-kō_ (“ten-burning-incense”) is generally conceded to be the most amusing; and I shall try to tell you how it is played.
Who acts: I · What happens: call, concede, be, try, tell, play · To what, where: kwai _, variety, you, _ · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 variety | det |
| 2 | variety | variety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 conceded | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 _ | case |
| 4 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 _ | punct |
| 5 | kō | kō | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 kwai | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 kō | punct |
| 7 | kwai | kwai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 _ | compound |
| 8 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 variety | nmod |
| 9 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 _ | acl |
| 10 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 11 Jitchū | punct |
| 11 | Jitchū | Jitchū | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 called | xcomp |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 kō | punct |
| 13 | kō | kō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Jitchū | conj |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 11 Jitchū | punct |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 21 incense | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 incense | punct |
| 17 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 burning | nummod |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 ten | punct |
| 19 | burning | burning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 incense | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 incense | punct |
| 21 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 _ | appos |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 incense | punct |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 21 incense | punct |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 conceded | aux:pass |
| 25 | generally | generally | ADV | _ | 26 conceded | advmod |
| 26 | conceded | concede | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 amusing | mark |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 amusing | cop |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 amusing | det |
| 30 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 31 amusing | advmod |
| 31 | amusing | amusing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 conceded | advcl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 try | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 try | cc |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 try | nsubj |
| 35 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 try | aux |
| 36 | try | try | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 conceded | parataxis |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 tell | mark |
| 38 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 try | xcomp |
| 39 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 38 tell | iobj |
| 40 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 43 played | advmod |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 played | nsubj:pass |
| 42 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 played | aux:pass |
| 43 | played | play | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 tell | advcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 conceded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | kwai _ not said here | Jitchū and kō xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | concede | present · passive | that variety of kwai _ | generally property | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | to-infinitive | amusing property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | try | shall | I | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | tell speech: assert not said to happen | to-infinitive | I not said here | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | play | present · passive | _ | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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