In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 177
The numeral “ten,” in the Japanese, or rather Chinese name of this diversion, does not refer to ten kinds, but only to ten packages of incense; for _Jitchū-kō_, besides being the most amusing, is the very simplest of incense-games, and is played with only four kinds of incense.
Who acts: numeral, Jitchū · What happens: not refer, be, play, name · To what, where: ten packages, diversion
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (numeral, Jitchū), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 numeral | det |
| 2 | numeral | numeral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 refer | nsubj |
| 3 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 ten | punct |
| 4 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 numeral | appos |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 numeral | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 numeral | punct |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 Japanese | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Japanese | det |
| 9 | Japanese | Japanese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 numeral | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 name | punct |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 name | cc |
| 12 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 13 Chinese | advmod |
| 13 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 name | amod |
| 14 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Japanese | parataxis |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 diversion | case |
| 16 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 diversion | det |
| 17 | diversion | diversion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 name | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 numeral | punct |
| 19 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 refer | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 refer | advmod |
| 21 | refer | refer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 kinds | case |
| 23 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 kinds | nummod |
| 24 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 refer | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 packages | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 packages | cc |
| 27 | only | only | ADV | _ | 29 ten | advmod |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 ten | case |
| 29 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 packages | nummod |
| 30 | packages | package | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 refer | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 incense | case |
| 32 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 packages | nmod |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 simplest | punct |
| 34 | for | for | ADP | _ | 50 simplest | case |
| 35 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 36 Jitchū | punct |
| 36 | Jitchū | Jitchū | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 simplest | nsubj |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 kō | punct |
| 38 | kō | kō | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Jitchū | conj |
| 39 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 50 simplest | punct |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 amusing | punct |
| 41 | besides | besides | ADP | _ | 45 amusing | mark |
| 42 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 45 amusing | cop |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 amusing | det |
| 44 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 45 amusing | advmod |
| 45 | amusing | amusing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 simplest | amod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 simplest | punct |
| 47 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 50 simplest | cop |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 simplest | det |
| 49 | very | very | ADV | _ | 50 simplest | advmod |
| 50 | simplest | simple | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 21 refer | parataxis |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 games | case |
| 52 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 games | compound |
| 53 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 52 incense | punct |
| 54 | games | game | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 simplest | obl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 played | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 played | cc |
| 57 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 played | aux:pass |
| 58 | played | play | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 simplest | parataxis |
| 59 | with | with | ADP | _ | 62 kinds | case |
| 60 | only | only | ADV | _ | 61 four | advmod |
| 61 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 62 kinds | nummod |
| 62 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 played | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 incense | case |
| 64 | incense | incense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 kinds | nmod |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 refer | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not refer | present · do-support | the numeral in the Japanese Chinese name of this diversion | ten packages of incense | to ten kinds | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to kind=Co-Theme | |||
| 2 | is | gerund | amusing property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | is | present | Jitchū and kō | of incense games; simple property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | play | present · passive | with four kinds of incense | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: with kind=Theme | |||||
| 5 | name | this diversion | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/1/177/