In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 15
The monk respectfully saluted him, and said:—“Sir, through your compassionate kindness my life has been saved; and I now desire to express my gratitude in a fitting manner.”
Who acts: monk, compassionate kindness · What happens: salute, say, save, desire, express · To what, where: act, life, gratitude, fitting manner · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monk, compassionate kindness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 monk | det |
| 2 | monk | monk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saluted | nsubj |
| 3 | respectfully | respectfully | ADV | _ | 4 saluted | advmod |
| 4 | saluted | salute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saluted | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 said | cc |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saluted | conj |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 Sir | punct |
| 10 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 Sir | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Sir | punct |
| 12 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 said | ccomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 kindness | punct |
| 14 | through | through | ADP | _ | 17 kindness | case |
| 15 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 kindness | nmod:poss |
| 16 | compassionate | compassionate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 kindness | amod |
| 17 | kindness | kindness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Sir | appos |
| 18 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 life | nmod:poss |
| 19 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 saved | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 saved | aux |
| 21 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 saved | aux:pass |
| 22 | saved | save | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 kindness | acl:relcl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 desire | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 desire | cc |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 desire | nsubj |
| 26 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 27 desire | advmod |
| 27 | desire | desire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 saluted | conj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 express | mark |
| 29 | express | express | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 desire | xcomp |
| 30 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 gratitude | nmod:poss |
| 31 | gratitude | gratitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 express | obj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 manner | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 manner | det |
| 34 | fitting | fitting | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 manner | amod |
| 35 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 express | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saluted | punct |
| 37 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 saluted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | salute | past | the monk | act | respectfully property | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the monk not said here | Sir ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | save in a quote | present · perfect · passive | your compassionate kindness not said here | my life | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | desire in a quote | present | the monk = monk | now | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | express not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | the monk = monk not said here | my gratitude | a fitting manner | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gratitude=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/15/