In Ghostly Japan, Story of a Tengu[1], sentence 46
And incomparably further than even the measureless circling of the glory of these, he saw—made visible by a single ray of light that shot from the forehead of the Blessed One to pierce beyond uttermost Time—the eighteen hundred thousand Buddha-fields of the Eastern Quarter with all their habitants,—and the beings in each of the Six States of Existence,—and even the shapes of the Buddhas extinct, that had entered into Nirvâna.
Who acts: Sâriputra, single ray, these · What happens: see, make, shoot, pierce, enter, glory · To what, where: thousand Buddha fields, forehead, beings, Nirvâna, light
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Story of a Tengu[1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sâriputra, single ray, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 further | cc |
| 2 | incomparably | incomparably | ADV | _ | 3 further | advmod |
| 3 | further | far | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 16 saw | advmod |
| 4 | than | than | ADP | _ | 8 circling | case |
| 5 | even | even | ADV | _ | 8 circling | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 circling | det |
| 7 | measureless | measureless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 circling | amod |
| 8 | circling | circling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 further | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 glory | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 glory | det |
| 11 | glory | glory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 circling | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 these | case |
| 13 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 11 glory | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 further | punct |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 saw | nsubj |
| 16 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 made | punct |
| 18 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 saw | conj |
| 19 | visible | visible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 made | xcomp |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 ray | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 ray | det |
| 22 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 ray | amod |
| 23 | ray | ray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 made | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 light | case |
| 25 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 ray | nmod |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 shot | nsubj |
| 27 | shot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 ray | acl:relcl |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 forehead | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 forehead | det |
| 30 | forehead | forehead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 shot | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 One | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 One | det |
| 33 | Blessed | blessed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 One | amod |
| 34 | One | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 forehead | nmod |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 pierce | mark |
| 36 | pierce | pierce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 shot | advcl |
| 37 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 39 Time | case |
| 38 | uttermost | uttermost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 Time | compound |
| 39 | Time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 pierce | obl |
| 40 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 47 fields | punct |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 fields | det |
| 42 | eighteen | eighteen | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 43 hundred | compound |
| 43 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 44 thousand | compound |
| 44 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 47 fields | nummod |
| 45 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 fields | compound |
| 46 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 45 Buddha | punct |
| 47 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 saw | obl |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 Quarter | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 Quarter | det |
| 50 | Eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 Quarter | amod |
| 51 | Quarter | quarter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 fields | nmod |
| 52 | with | with | ADP | _ | 55 habitants | case |
| 53 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 55 habitants | det:predet |
| 54 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 habitants | nmod:poss |
| 55 | habitants | habitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 Quarter | nmod |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 beings | punct |
| 57 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 60 beings | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 beings | cc |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 beings | det |
| 60 | beings | being | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 fields | conj |
| 61 | in | in | ADP | _ | 62 each | case |
| 62 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 60 beings | nmod |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 66 States | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 States | det |
| 65 | Six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 66 States | nummod |
| 66 | States | State | PROPN | Number=Plur | 62 each | nmod |
| 67 | of | of | ADP | _ | 68 Existence | case |
| 68 | Existence | Existence | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 States | nmod |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 shapes | punct |
| 70 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 74 shapes | punct |
| 71 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 shapes | cc |
| 72 | even | even | ADV | _ | 74 shapes | advmod |
| 73 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 shapes | det |
| 74 | shapes | shape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 beings | conj |
| 75 | of | of | ADP | _ | 77 Buddhas | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 Buddhas | det |
| 77 | Buddhas | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Plur | 78 extinct | obl |
| 78 | extinct | extinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 shapes | acl:relcl |
| 79 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 82 entered | punct |
| 80 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 82 entered | nsubj:pass |
| 81 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 82 entered | aux |
| 82 | entered | enter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 60 beings | acl |
| 83 | into | into | ADP | _ | 84 Nirvâna | case |
| 84 | Nirvâna | Nirvâna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 82 entered | obl |
| 85 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Sâriputra | the thousand Buddha fields of the Eastern Quarter with fields's habitants and the beings in each of the Six States of Existence and the shapes | far property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | make | past | Sâriputra not said here | by a single ray of light; visible property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | shoot | past | a single ray of light | the forehead of the Blessed One | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from forehead=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | pierce | to-infinitive | a single ray of light not said here | time | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | enter | past · perfect · passive | the beings in each of the Six States of Existence and the shapes | Nirvâna | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination | ||||
| 6 | glory | these | nom glory «state intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 7 | ray | light | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8128/27/46/