Tanglewood Tales, The Dragon's Teeth., part 1, sentence 109
Each of them girded on a sword, to defend themselves against the perils of the way.
What happens: gird, defend, peril · To what, where: Each, sword, men, way
This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Dragon's Teeth., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 girded | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 them | case |
| 3 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Each | nmod |
| 4 | girded | gird | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 sword | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 sword | det |
| 7 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 girded | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 defend | punct |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 defend | mark |
| 10 | defend | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 girded | advcl |
| 11 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 10 defend | obj |
| 12 | against | against | ADP | _ | 14 perils | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 perils | det |
| 14 | perils | peril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 defend | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 way | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 way | det |
| 17 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 perils | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 girded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gird | participle · passive | Each | a sword | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | defend | to-infinitive | men = man | against the perils of the way | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary against peril=Theme | ||||
| 3 | peril | the way | nom peril «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/10/109/