Tanglewood Tales, The Golden Fleece., part 4, sentence 87

And, ever since that time, it has been the favorite method of brave men, when danger assails them, to do what they call "taking the bull by the horns"; and to gripe him by the tail is pretty much the same thing--that is, to throw aside fear, and overcome the peril by despising it.

Who acts: spell, danger, bulls, favorite method, that · What happens: be, assail, do, call, take, gripe · To what, where: favorite method, bulls, bull, danger, same thing, peril · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Golden Fleece., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spell, danger, bulls, favorite method), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	13 method	cc
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 time	punct
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 time	advmod
4	since	since	ADP	_	6 time	case
5	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 time	det
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 method	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 time	punct
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 method	nsubj
9	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 method	aux
10	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 method	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 method	det
12	favorite	favorite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 method	amod
13	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 thing	nsubj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 men	case
15	brave	brave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 men	amod
16	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 method	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 assails	punct
18	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	20 assails	advmod
19	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 assails	nsubj
20	assails	assail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 men	acl:relcl
21	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 assails	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 do	punct
23	to	to	PART	_	24 do	mark
24	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 assails	conj
25	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	24 do	obj
26	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 call	nsubj
27	call	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 what	acl:relcl
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	29 taking	punct
29	taking	take	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	27 call	advcl
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 bull	det
31	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 taking	obj
32	by	by	ADP	_	34 horns	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 horns	det
34	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 taking	obl
35	"	"	PUNCT	_	29 taking	punct
36	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 gripe	punct
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 gripe	cc
38	to	to	PART	_	39 gripe	mark
39	gripe	gripe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 method	conj
40	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 gripe	obj
41	by	by	ADP	_	43 tail	case
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 tail	det
43	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 gripe	obl
44	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	49 thing	cop
45	pretty	pretty	ADV	_	46 much	advmod
46	much	much	ADV	_	49 thing	advmod
47	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	49 thing	det
48	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 thing	amod
49	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
50	--	--	PUNCT	_	52 is	punct
51	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	52 is	nsubj
52	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	49 thing	parataxis
53	,	,	PUNCT	_	55 throw	punct
54	to	to	PART	_	55 throw	mark
55	throw	throw	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	52 is	parataxis
56	aside	aside	ADP	_	57 fear	case
57	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 throw	obl
58	,	,	PUNCT	_	60 overcome	punct
59	and	and	CCONJ	_	60 overcome	cc
60	overcome	overcome	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	55 throw	parataxis
61	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	62 peril	det
62	peril	peril	NOUN	Number=Sing	60 overcome	obj
63	by	by	SCONJ	_	64 despising	mark
64	despising	despise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	60 overcome	advcl
65	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	64 despising	obj
66	.	.	PUNCT	_	49 thing	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present · perfect	spell	the favorite method		time	of brave men	tree rules
2	assail	present	danger	bulls = bull				vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	do	to-infinitive	danger not said here					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
4	call speech: assert	present	bulls = bull					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	take in a quote	gerund	bulls = bull not said here		the bull		by the horns	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument bull=Destination
6	gripe speech: other	to-infinitive	spell not said here	danger			by the tail	tree rules
7	is a	present	the favorite method	the same thing				tree rules
8	be	present	that					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	throw	to-infinitive					aside fear	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
10	overcome	infinitive		the peril				vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot peril=Theme
11	despise	gerund		spell				vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/28/87/