Deuteronomy 1:19 דְּבָרִים

Who acts: we, ye, LORD · What happens: journey, go, see, command, come · To what, where: Horeb, great wilderness, us, Kadesh barnea · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Deuteronomy 1:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, ye, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Horeb, great wilderness, us, Kadesh barnea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַנִּסַּ֣ע מֵחֹרֵ֗ב וַנֵּ֡לֶךְ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַגָּדוֹל֩ וְהַנּוֹרָ֨א הַה֜וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְאִיתֶ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ הַ֣ר הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ אֹתָ֑נוּ וַנָּבֹ֕א עַ֖ד קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ׃

And we journeyed from Horeb, and went through all that great and dreadful wilderness which ye saw, by the way to the hill-country of the Amorites, as the LORD our God commanded us; and we came to Kadesh-barnea.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נִּסַּ֣ע	cc	and
2	נִּסַּ֣ע	נָסַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	root	root	we set out
3	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	4 חֹרֵ֗ב	case	from
4	חֹרֵ֗ב	חֹרֵב	PROPN	_	2 נִּסַּ֣ע	obl	Horeb
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 נֵּ֡לֶךְ	cc	and
6	נֵּ֡לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	2 נִּסַּ֣ע	conj	we walked
7	אֵ֣ת	אֵת	ADP	_	8 כָּל־	case	(et)
8	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 נֵּ֡לֶךְ	obl	all
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 מִּדְבָּ֣ר	det	the
10	מִּדְבָּ֣ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 כָּל־	compound:smixut	wilderness
11	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 גָּדוֹל֩	det	(the)
12	גָּדוֹל֩	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 מִּדְבָּ֣ר	amod	great
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 נּוֹרָ֨א	cc	and
14	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	15 נּוֹרָ֨א	mark	(the)
15	נּוֹרָ֨א	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	12 גָּדוֹל֩	conj	awesome
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 ה֜וּא	det	(the)
17	ה֜וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 מִּדְבָּ֣ר	det	that
18	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	19 רְאִיתֶ֗ם	mark	which
19	רְאִיתֶ֗ם	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	8 כָּל־	acl:relcl	you saw
20	דֶּ֚רֶךְ	דֶּרֶךְ	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 נֵּ֡לֶךְ	obl	the way
21	הַ֣ר	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 דֶּ֚רֶךְ	compound:smixut	of the hill country
22	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 אֱמֹרִ֔י	det	of
23	אֱמֹרִ֔י	אֱמֹרִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 הַ֣ר	compound:smixut	the Amorite[s]
24	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	6 נֵּ֡לֶךְ	obl	just
25	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	26 צִוָּ֛ה	mark	as
26	צִוָּ֛ה	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	24 כַּ	acl:relcl	he had commanded
27	יְהוָ֥ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	26 צִוָּ֛ה	nsubj	Yahweh
28	אֱלֹהֵ֖י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	27 יְהוָ֥ה	appos	God
29	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	28 אֱלֹהֵ֖י	nmod:poss	our
30	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	31 ָ֑נוּ	case
31	ָ֑נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 צִוָּ֛ה	obj	us
32	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 נָּבֹ֕א	cc	and
33	נָּבֹ֕א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	2 נִּסַּ֣ע	conj	we came
34	עַ֖ד	עַד	ADP	_	35 קָדֵ֥שׁ	case	to
35	קָדֵ֥שׁ	קָדֵשׁ	PROPN	_	33 נָּבֹ֕א	obl	Kadesh
36	בַּרְנֵֽעַ	בַּרְנֵעַ	PROPN	_	35 קָדֵ֥שׁ	flat:name
37	קָדֵ֥שׁ	קָדֵשׁ	PROPN	_	35 קָדֵ֥שׁ	nmod	Barnea
38	בַּרְנֵֽעַ	בַּרְנֵעַ	PROPN	_	37 קָדֵ֥שׁ	flat:name
39	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	37 קָדֵ֥שׁ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נִּסַּע we set out	wayyiqtol · qal
נֵּלֶךְ we walked	wayyiqtol · qal
נּוֹרָא awesome	participle active · niphal		מִּדְבָּר wilderness
רְאִיתֶם you saw	qatal · qal		מִּדְבָּר wilderness
צִוָּה he had commanded	qatal · piel	יְהוָה Yahweh	ָנוּ us
נָּבֹא we came	wayyiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּנְטַלְנָא מֵחוֹרֵב וְהַלִיכְנָא יָת כָּל מַדְבְּרָא רַבָּא וּדְחִילָא הַהוּא דִי חֲזֵיתוּן אוֹרַח טוּרָא דֶאֱמוֹרָאָה כְּמָא דִי פַקִיד יְיָ אֱלָהָנָא יָתָנָא וַאֲתֵינָא עַד רְקַם גֵיאָה

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And we journeyed from Horeb, and went through all that great and dreadful wilderness which ye saw, by the way to the hill-country of the Amorites, as the LORD our God commanded us; and we came to Kadesh-barnea.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:18.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.19/