Deuteronomy 15:2 דְּבָרִים

Who acts: this, creditor · What happens: be, release, lend, not exact, proclaim · To what, where: manner, that, release

This is Deuteronomy 15:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — this, creditor — and what happens in the verse to manner, that, release, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְזֶה֮ דְּבַ֣ר הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ שָׁמ֗וֹט כָּל־בַּ֙עַל֙ מַשֵּׁ֣ה יָד֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַשֶּׁ֖ה בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ לֹֽא־יִגֹּ֤שׂ אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ וְאֶת־אָחִ֔יו כִּֽי־קָרָ֥א שְׁמִטָּ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃

And this is the manner of the release: every creditor shall release that which he hath lent unto his neighbour; he shall not exact it of his neighbour and his brother; because the LORD'S release hath been proclaimed.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 זֶה֮	cc	and
2	זֶה֮	זֶה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	root	root	this
3	דְּבַ֣ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 זֶה֮	nsubj	[is] the manner
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 שְּׁמִטָּה֒	det	of
5	שְּׁמִטָּה֒	שְׁמִטָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 דְּבַ֣ר	compound:smixut	the remission
6	שָׁמ֗וֹט	שָׁמַט	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 זֶה֮	parataxis	he will let drop
7	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 שָׁמ֗וֹט	nsubj	every
8	בַּ֙עַל֙	בַּעַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 כָּל־	compound:smixut	owner
9	מַשֵּׁ֣ה	מַשֶּׁה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 שָׁמ֗וֹט	obj	the loan
10	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 מַשֵּׁ֣ה	compound:smixut	his hand
11	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 יָד	nmod:poss	his
12	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	13 יַשֶּׁ֖ה	mark	which
13	יַשֶּׁ֖ה	נשׁא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	9 מַשֵּׁ֣ה	acl:relcl	he will lend
14	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 רֵע	case	to
15	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יַשֶּׁ֖ה	obl	neighbor
16	ֵ֑הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
17	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	18 יִגֹּ֤שׂ	advmod	not
18	יִגֹּ֤שׂ	נָגַשׂ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 זֶה֮	parataxis	he will press
19	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	20 רֵע	case	(et)
20	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 יִגֹּ֤שׂ	obj	neighbor
21	ֵ֙הוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 אָחִ֔י	cc	and
23	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	24 אָחִ֔י	case	(et)
24	אָחִ֔י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 רֵע	conj	countryman
25	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 אָחִ֔י	nmod:poss	his
26	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	27 קָרָ֥א	mark	(dm)
27	קָרָ֥א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 זֶה֮	advcl	someone has proclaimed
28	שְׁמִטָּ֖ה	שְׁמִטָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	27 קָרָ֥א	obj	a remission
29	לַֽ	לְ	ADP	_	30 יהוָֽה	case	of
30	יהוָֽה	יהוה	PROPN	_	27 קָרָ֥א	obl	Yahweh
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 יהוָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
שָׁמוֹט he will let drop	infinitive absolute · qal	בַּעַל owner	מַשֵּׁה the loan
יַשֶּׁה he will lend	yiqtol · hiphil	מַשֵּׁה the loan		בַּעַל owner
not יִגֹּשׂ he will press	yiqtol · qal	בַּעַל owner	רֵע neighbor + אָחִי countryman
קָרָא someone has proclaimed	qatal · qal		שְׁמִטָּה a remission

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְדֵין פִּתְגַם שְׁמִטְתָא דְתַשְׁמֵט כָּל גְבַר מַרֵי רְשׁוּ דִי יַרְשֵׁי בְּחַבְרֵהּ לָא יִתְבַּע מִן חַבְרֵהּ וּמִן אֲחוּהִי אֲרֵי קְרָא שְׁמִטְתָא קֳדָם יְיָ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And this is the manner of the release: every creditor shall release that which he hath lent unto his neighbour; he shall not exact it of his neighbour and his brother; because the LORD'S release hath been proclaimed.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:428.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.15.2/