Deuteronomy 21:4 דְּבָרִים

Who acts: elders · What happens: bring down, plow, sow, break · To what, where: heifer, rough valley, neck, valley

This is Deuteronomy 21:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — elders — and what happens in the verse to heifer, rough valley, neck, valley, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֤וא אֶת־הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל אֵיתָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יֵעָבֵ֥ד בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א יִזָּרֵ֑עַ וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁ֥ם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה בַּנָּֽחַל׃

And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 הוֹרִ֡דוּ	cc	and
2	הוֹרִ֡דוּ	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they will bring down
3	זִקְנֵי֩	זָקֵן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 הוֹרִ֡דוּ	nsubj	the elders
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 עִ֨יר	det	of
5	עִ֨יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 זִקְנֵי֩	compound:smixut	the city
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 הִ֤וא	det	(the)
7	הִ֤וא	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 עִ֨יר	det	that
8	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	10 עֶגְלָה֙	case	(et)
9	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 עֶגְלָה֙	det	the
10	עֶגְלָה֙	עֶגְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 הוֹרִ֡דוּ	obj	heifer
11	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	12 נַ֣חַל	case	to
12	נַ֣חַל	נַחַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 הוֹרִ֡דוּ	obl	a wadi
13	אֵיתָ֔ן	אֵיתָן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 נַ֣חַל	amod	ever-flowing
14	אֲשֶׁ֛ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	16 יֵעָבֵ֥ד	mark	which
15	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	16 יֵעָבֵ֥ד	advmod	not
16	יֵעָבֵ֥ד	עָבַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 נַ֣חַל	acl:relcl	it is tilled
17	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 ֖וֹ	case	in
18	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 יֵעָבֵ֥ד	obl	it
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יִזָּרֵ֑עַ	cc	and
20	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	21 יִזָּרֵ֑עַ	advmod	not
21	יִזָּרֵ֑עַ	זָרַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	16 יֵעָבֵ֥ד	conj	it is sown
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 עָֽרְפוּ־	cc	and
23	עָֽרְפוּ־	עָרַף	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 הוֹרִ֡דוּ	conj	they will break the neck of
24	שָׁ֥ם	שָׁם	ADV	_	23 עָֽרְפוּ־	advmod	there
25	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	27 עֶגְלָ֖ה	case	(et)
26	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 עֶגְלָ֖ה	det	the
27	עֶגְלָ֖ה	עֶגְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	23 עָֽרְפוּ־	obj	heifer
28	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	30 נָּֽחַל	case	in
29	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	30 נָּֽחַל	det	the
30	נָּֽחַל	נַחַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 עָֽרְפוּ־	obl	wadi
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 נָּֽחַל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
הוֹרִדוּ they will bring down	weqatal · hiphil	עֶגְלָה heifer			זִקְנֵי the elders
עָֽרְפוּ־ they will break the neck of	weqatal · qal	זִקְנֵי the elders	עֶגְלָה heifer

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְיֶחֱתוּן סָבֵי קַרְתָּא הַהִיא יָת עֲגַלְתָּא לְנַחֲלָא בַיָר דִי לָא יִתְפְּלַח בֵּהּ וְלָא יִזְדְרַע וְיִנְקְפוּן תַּמָן יָת עֲגַלְתָּא בְּנַחֲלָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:558.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.4/